Syntax
Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah
Indonesia p�ISSN: 2541-0849 e-ISSN: 2548-1398
Vol.
7, No. 11, November
2022
DHIKR THERAPY TO IMPROVE PEACE IN OF
MIND FOR DRUGS USERS AT PONDOK PESANTREN AS-SYIFA KABUPATEN KULON PROGO
Reza
Mina Pahlewi
UIN
Sunan Kalijaga, Indonesia
Email:
[email protected]
Abstract
During
rehabilitation and withdrawal, drug users often feel worried about the future,
fear that they will be rejected by society and their families, and feel guilty
about themselves and God. This concern causes drug users to feel negative
emotions and feelings of discomfort. This study was conducted to see the
effectiveness of dhikr therapy to increase peace of mind in drug users who are
undergoing rehabilitation. Eight former drug users were involved in this study.
Subjects were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group (n = 4)
and the control group (n = 4). The research design used was a pre-test
post-test control group design and was measured three times (pre-test,
post-test, and two-week follow-up). The measuring instrument used in the study
is Tatmain al-Qulūb
(TQS) by Rusdi (2016) which is arranged based on
aspects of peace of mind. The results of this study found that there was a
significant increase in peace of mind in drug users after being given dhikr
therapy.
Keywords: Dhikr Therapy, Peace of Mind, Drug Users.
Introduction
Drug abuse is one of
the most dangerous social phenomena in this day and age. Despite its dangerous
nature, abuse of this drug is still easy to find and consume. Hawari (2006) explains that what is meant by drug abuse is
the use of drugs outside of medical indications, without a doctor's
instructions or prescription, while what is meant by drug dependence is drug
abuse accompanied by tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Substances that are
frequently abused have a dependent or addictive effect on the abuser and cause
problems in social functioning. Included in the category of substances that are
often abused are narcotics (opiates, marijuana and cocaine), psychotropic substances
(sedatives, hallucinogenics, psychostimulants) and other addictive substances.
In addition, substance
or drug dependence indicates a severe condition and is often considered a
disease. Someone who is addicted to substances will experience withdrawal symptoms,
this happens because of the biological need for drugs. Withdrawal symptoms are
signs of physical dependence as a result of drug dependence (Jenny, 2008). The
existence of drug dependence that is abused can lead to deviant behavior in
aspects of social life, resulting in various kinds of language and losses, such
as a drastic decline in personality, turning into gloomy, angry and even
fighting against anyone. A person who is addicted to drugs has an impact on the
mindset of the values and norms of society, law and religion.
Anxiety is a worry
about an unclear object that is manifested by physical and psychological
changes in the individual who experiences it. The anxiety felt by drug use is
the result of his thinking and belief that he cannot survive stress without the
help of drugs. This belief makes drug users have a low level of stress
tolerance and often fall into repeated drug use or relapse. As research
conducted by Syuhada (2012) anxiety is one of the
internal factors that causes users to relapse. Data taken from BNN shows that in 2007 the relapse rate was 95%,
while in 2008 it was 90% (Syuhada, 2015).
Based on the results of
interviews that the researchers conducted with three residents, they said that
the feelings they felt were fear and worry about the life to come. Currently,
the resident is in the healing process at one of the houses owned by a drug addiction , the Pondok Pesantren As-Syifa Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Residents feel worried that they will not be
accepted by the social environment after later returning to their home
environment. Residents also feel that they will get a bad assessment from the
community. After that, the resident felt a disturbing feeling that caused
frequent anxiety and a physical condition that felt often tired which led to a
lack of interest in doing activities. These disturbing feelings are feelings of
sadness, fear, disappointment in yourself, and regret.
The existence of these negative feelings causes the residents' emotions to
become unstable which causes residents to tend to feel uncomfortable with the
feelings they feel.
Emotions of drug
addicts when talking about events related to withdrawal symptoms or the relapse
individual feels a body reaction and ends with negative affect such as anger,
sadness and fear. In addition, drug users are also often overwhelmed by
feelings of guilt towards themselves, their family, society, community and God
(Rosydah & Nurdibyanandaru,
2010). In the Qur'an, there are many verses related to the dynamics of the
human psyche which theoretically can be used as a reference for psychotherapy
to overcome anxiety. The Qur'an offers a solution for an anxious soul to find
peace, both through reading and writing taken from the Qur'an. Many verses of
the Qur'an also contain demands on how to deal with life's problems without
feeling anxious.
Listening and reciting
the Qur'an can calm one's heart, as explained in the Qur'an (ie) people who believe and their hearts become at peace
with the remembrance of Allah. Remember, it is only by remembering Allah that
their hearts become peaceful (Surah Al Ra'd: 28) from
the verse clearly explains that peace of mind can be achieved by remembering
Allah (Jalaluddin, 2009).
Dhikr is an effort to
get closer to Allah by remembering Him. Dhikr is also a way of remembering the
blessings of Allah. Dhikr also has the meaning of remembering Allah at all
times, fearing and hoping only in Him, feeling confident that humans are always
under Allah's will in all matters and their affairs (Ash-Shiddieqy,
2001). Dhikr helps individuals form perceptions other than fear, namely the
belief that stressor will be dealt with well with Allah's help. When the
individual gets used to dhikr, he will feel himself close to Allah, being in
His care and protection then will generate confidence, strength, feelings of
security, peace and happiness (Najati, 2005). Dhikr
will make a person feel calm so that it then suppresses the work of the
sympathetic nervous system and activates the work of the parasympathetic
nervous system (Saleh, 2010).
One of the readings of dhikr Astagfirullahaladzim
according to Yurisaldi (2010) sentences containing
the letters jahr, such as the sentence of monotheism
and istighfar, will increase the disposal of carbon
dioxide in the lungs. Another benefit is mentioned by the Messenger of Allah,
"Whoever always istighfar, surely Allah will
provide a way out of every difficulty, provide relief from trouble and provide
sustenance to him from unexpected directions" (Narrated by Abu Daud and Ibn Majah).
From this hadith, it can be learned that dhikr,
especially reading istighfar, has virtue in the sight
of Allah. Therefore, researchers want to use istigfar
as the main dhikr in this study.
Metode
Penelitian
Design
This study used a
quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design.
Pre-test data collection (Y1)was carried out on the
group of subjects who would be included in the intervention (X) and post-test
data collection (Y2)was carried out after the intervention was completed.
Follow-up data collection was carried out at least two weeks after the
intervention was given (Y3).
Research
Subjects The
Subjects in this study
were drug users who were rehabilitating at the Pondok
Pesantren As-Syifa Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Subjects will be selected based on the following
criteria: (1) male, (2) Muslim, (3) equivalent level of education, (4) age, (5)
has passed the medical stage (detoxification), and (6) has low to moderate
sobriety scores. Subjects will be divided into two groups. The first group, which
has a moderate equanimity score. The second group was those with low to
moderate sobriety scores. The two groups were then divided equally and then
further divided into the experimental group and the control group, so that the
composition of the subjects in the experimental and control groups was
balanced.
Data
Collection Methods
The calmness variable
was measured using the sobriety scale from Rusdi, et
al (2018). The calmness scale consists of two aspects, namely al-sukun which means peace and al-yaqin
which means belief. The aspect of al-sukun is
represented by 4 items, while the aspect of al-yaqin
is represented by 3 items, so that the total items on the scale are 7 items.
The researcher uses the rating scale by providing 6 alternative answers, moving
from 1-6, where the closer the number 1 is, the more incompatible with the
subject, while the closer to 6 the attitude is more in line with the subject.
Intervention
Procedures
The dhikr therapy
module used in this intervention was designed by researchers with reference to
the aspects of dhikr, namely quantity, duration and solemnity and connectivity.
The stages of dhikr therapy in this intervention consisted of four meetings. The first meeting, namely psychoeducation regarding dhikr in the
form of the importance of dhikr, how to properly dhikr and reading and benefits
of dhikr. Educational sessions related to problems experienced by drug users.second meeting, namely understanding related to dhikr
reading that will be used in the intervention, namely istighfar
sentences (astaghfirullahaladzim wa
Atubu ilaih) and dhikr practice. The third meeting,
multiply dhikr. The facilitator explains to the subject the main times
for doing dhikr and asks the subject to do dhikr at these times. The fourth meeting, which is a reflection on previous meetings and
conducting a posttest.
Data
Analysis Method The data
analysis
method used in this research is quantitative and qualitative data analysis.
Quantitative data analysis was conducted to test hypotheses using Anova Mixed Design statistical analysis. The purpose of the
Anova Mixed Design , among
others, is to find out the difference in scores in one group (pre vs. post) to
test the difference in scores between groups (experimental vs. control). Data
analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0.
Results and Discussions
hypothesis proposed in this study is the effect of giving dhikr therapy on
increasing the peace of mind of drug users in the experimental group.
Hypothesis testing in this study used repeated measurement ANOVA
, which is used if the difference test will be carried out more than two
times the measurement. Based on the different tests conducted on the
experimental group and the control group, the p-value was 0.003 (p<0.05),
which means that the score obtained was significant, so that the proposed
hypothesis was accepted.
Manipulation
Check
Manipulation check aims to see whether the level of
dhikr of each subject is manipulated or not after being given treatment can be
seen in the following table:
Table 2. Manipulation check
|
Variable |
Description |
|
Pretest |
Post test |
Follow up |
|
Quality of dhikr |
Experiment Subject |
|
31.00 |
51.25 |
49 ,00 |
|
|
BB |
|
17 |
33 |
34 |
|
|
MR |
|
14 |
36 |
34 |
|
|
RAP |
|
19 |
35 |
29 |
|
|
FRA |
|
20 |
33 |
31 |
p2= .916, p= .000,
Power= 1,000
Based on the table above, it can
be seen that the experimental group has a partial
eta square of 0.916 which means the effect therapy that affects the
experimental group is 91% and the p-value obtained is 0.000 (p<0.05),
which means that there is a significant effect between the levels of dhikr
possessed by each participant on changes in the calmness of the experimental
group. This confirms that the manipulations carried out on the research
subjects were successful. In addition, the power of dhikr therapy reached a
value of 1,000, which means that the dhikr therapy given to the experimental
group had a high confidence score. or great influence.
In addition, a perspective
analysis was carried out to determine whether there were changes at the level
of al-sukun ,
namely peace and al-yaqin
, namely the beliefs that the subject felt after being given dhikr therapy.
Table 3. Analysis of peace of mind
|
Aspects |
Pretest |
Post test |
Follow up |
p2 |
p |
power |
|
Al-Sukun |
12.63 |
17.00 |
17.50 |
0.697 |
0.007 |
0.903 |
|
Al-Yaqin |
6.38 |
10.88 |
12.13 |
0.944 |
0.003 |
Based |
Based on the results of
the analysisdone, it can be seen that the two aspects
possessed by the participants, namely al-sukun
(peace) and al-yaqin (belief) have changed after
being given dhikr therapy. This can be seen from the power on the al-sukun aspect which has a score of 0.903, which means that
the power of dhikr therapy given to the subject has an effect of 90%. The
therapeutic effect obtained was 0.697 or 69% with p value =0.007 so it can be
concluded that the change in the aspect of al-sukun
(peace) felt by the subject was significant. In the aspect of al-yaqin (belief) it can be seen power obtained is 0.944,
which means that the therapeutic power given to the aspect of al-yaqin (belief) has an effect of 94%. The therapeutic effect
obtained by the subject in the aspect of al-yaqin
(belief) is 0.621 and p value =0.003 so it can be concluded that although the
therapeutic effect obtained tends to be smaller than the aspect of al-sukun (peace) it can provide a significant increase and
influence on the level of beliefs held by research subjects.
Results
of Qualitative Analysis of Overall Subjects
Based on the results of
the analysis carried out on each subject, it can be found that the beginning of
all research subjects using drugs was caused by the environment of friendship.
Each subject said that the subject was provided free of charge to try. If the
subject refuses, the subject's friends say that the subject is a coward. This
is what makes the subject unable to refuse invitation of his friends.
Furthermore, after the subject became addicted to the effect that the subject
felt, the subject was dominated by anxiety or excessive worry. In addition, the
physical effects that the subject feels are heart palpitations, nausea,
insomnia, dizziness, blurred vision, body shaking, and
vomiting. Another impact on the behavior of the subject is the subject of
having free sex, lying, skipping college and trying to use other types of
drugs.
The growing awareness
to change for the better is marked by a sense of regret in each subject for the
actions they have done. In addition, the subject has feelings of guilt towards
his parents, himself and God. The existence of worries about the future is one
of the factors that the subject becomes aware of having to be better. After
attending dhikr therapy, each subject said that they felt calm in themselves.
When doing dhikr, each subject remembers the past and regrets his actions.
Feelings of revenge and guilt are reduced and the worries that the subject
feels disappear after doing dhikr. In addition, the subject can feel his body
relax and can sleep soundly without negative thoughts. Subjects become able to
control their emotions every time they do dhikr. This subject feels because of
the growing belief in God. The subject believes that Allah is forgiving and
accepts the repentance of his servant. In addition, the subject believes that
everything that happens is by Allah's will, so the subject does not need to
worry about things that make him uncomfortable.
Discussion
This study aims to determine the effect of dhikr therapy
on increasing peace of mind in drug users. Based on the results of the research
conducted, it was found that there were differences in the level of calmness in
the experimental group after taking dhikr therapy. The difference is seen based
on the p-value of the calmness variable, which is 0.003 (p<0.05) which can
be assumed to be significant. The results of this study support the results of
previous research conducted by Ayu Efita Sari (2015) that dhikr therapy is able to provide
significant peace of mind. The success of dhikr therapy on increasing peace of
mind is because the stages given in the therapy session are able to have a
positive impact on the factors that influence and aspects of peace of mind.
During dhikr therapy, the subject is invited to feel the
favors given by Allah and His love by raising hope, growing confidence,
forgiving and accepting that everything that has happened has a way out.
Subjects are invited to look at the positive side in seeing the past and the
future. In addition, the increase in the calmness of the subject is also
influenced by the stages given to the subject related to the conditions that
the subject is currently experiencing. This allows the subject to feel directly
the benefits of the dhikr therapy given at each meeting. The second factor that
influences changes in the level of calm of the subject is the intention and
sincerity of the subject when following dhikr therapy.
Before being given therapy to the subject, the subject
felt very worried about his future, in addition to the concerns that done in
the past. This causes the subject to have a sense of guilt towards himself, his
parents and family. Subjects are afraid of the conditions they will go through
after completing the rehabilitation. This concern makes the subject feel
insecure, sad and hopeless which has an impact on the subject's peace of mind.
The condition experienced by this subject is a negative
thought pattern accompanied by feelings of anxiety and worry describing the
subject as lacking al-sukun
(peace) in his heart. As it is known that individuals who have al-sukun in
their hearts will feel their hearts are quiet and peaceful (Rusdi,
2016). In addition, belief is also an aspect contained in the calmness variable
called al-yaqin.
If a person does not have confidence in himself then this will affect the state
of the heart to be uneasy (Rusdi, 2016).
After participating in dhikr therapy, the subject realized
that the anxiety and worry that had been felt so far were caused by the
distance from the relationship with Allah SWT. The subject realized that he had
to improve his relationship with Allah in order to feel full peace of mind. Awareness
of the mistakes that have been made and the distance from the relationship with
Allahandcauses confidence in the subject to grow that
every problem experienced will be passed because Allah always provides help to
His servantsAllahalways forgives His repentant
servants. The belief felt by the subject made the subject more confident that
he could change for the better in the future, if he improved his relationship
with God.
Based on the overall results of the therapy carried out,
all subjects could feel positive changes in each subject. The subjects can feel
that the dhikr therapy that is carried out can provide peace of mind that is
felt by the subject. In addition, dhikr therapy can change negative beliefs in
the subject to turn into positive ones. The subject believes in Allah's
involvement in every problem he faces so that this makes the subject feel
confident and calmer in dealing with the conditions he is currently living.
This is in accordance with the opinion of al-Jurjawi
(Firdaus, 2016) that individuals who feel themselves
close to God will feel calm and secure.
The existence of belief in Allah and a feeling of calm
when remembering Allah as experienced by the subject shows
that this is a picture of peace of mind. As explained by Rusdi
(2016) that peace of mind has aspects, namely al-yaqin (belief) and al-sukun (calm).
So that with the growth of belief in God, the subject can
also feel calm in himself.
Conclusions
Based on the results of
data analysis and discussion that has been carried out, it can be concluded
that dhikr therapy is effective for increasing peace of mind in drug users. In
quantitative analysis, there is an increase in the sobriety score in drug
users. This means that the materials presented and the practice of dhikr can
create a feeling of calm, peace and reduce worries, feelings of sadness and
increase the confidence felt by the subject.
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Copyright holder: Reza Mina Pahlewi (2022) |
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