Prevalensi Komplikasi Kehamilan, Persalinan dan Nifas di Rumah Sakit X Jakarta Selama
Periode Januari – Mei 2020
Syntax Literate, Vol. 7, No. 12, Desember 2022 18541
Abstract
Maternal complications are associated with the incidence of maternal morbidity and
mortality. However, if not handled properly, it can increase the risk of maternal
morbidity and mortality. Up to now, Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia and
worldwide is still concerningly high. Maternal deaths in DKI Jakarta in 2018-2019 was
around 198. One of the factors of high AKI is the occurrence of maternal complications,
including complications during pregnancy, labor and postpartum which are the causes
of maternal death, such as bleeding, sepsis, eclampsia, obstructed labor, and
complications of abortion. This study aims to determine the prevalence of maternal
complications and it is hoped that various sides can work together to increase the effort
in terms of reducing the incidence of maternal complications, such as support from
health workers and mothers get good quality of health services, achieve adequate health
facilities and medical personnel to every part of the region, and hopefully mothers will
be motivated to get Antenatal Care (ANC) regularly. The decrease in the incidence of
maternal complications in hopes of AKI decreases too. This type of research is
descriptive with a cross- sectional research design. This research was conducted at
Hospital X Jakarta using 164 research subjects from secondary medical record data.
The data that observed were the characteristics of the research subjects, including age
and method of delivery, as well as descriptions of maternal complications, including the
complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. The results showed that
80.49% of the research subjects had an age range of 20-35 years and 96.34% of
deliveries were carried out by caesarean section. Most of the research subjects for
pregnancy complications were Hypertension in Pregnancy, which were 30%, childbirth
complications were Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) (84%), and postpartum
complications were uterine subinvolution (85%).
Keywords: MMR, pregnancy, labor and postpartum complications, delivery methods, age,
prevalence.
Pendahuluan
Komplikasi maternal berhubungan dengan kejadian morbiditas dan mortalitas
maternal, karena apabila tidak ditangani dengan tepat dapat meningkatkan risiko kesakitan
dan kematian ibu (Carolin & Widiastuti, 2019). Komplikasi maternal dapat berupa
komplikasi saat kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas yang merupakan penyebab langsung dari
kematian ibu, seperti perdarahan, sepsis, eklampsia, partus macet, dan komplikasi aborsi.
Perdarahan yang terjadi, sebagian besar merupakan perdarahan pasca persalinan, baik karena
sisa plasenta maupun atonia uteri (Weliyati, 2019).
Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) atau Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) merupakan salah
satu indikator untuk melihat tingkat keberhasilan suatu daerah dalam berbagai upaya yang
telah dilakukan terhadap kesehatan ibu (Rachmawati et al., 2017). AKI adalah rasio atau
perbandingan jumlah kematian ibu selama masa kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas yang
disebabkan oleh kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas atau pengelolaannya, tetapi bukan karena