Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia pï¿½ISSN: 2541-0849 e-ISSN: 2548-1398

Vol. 7, No. 12, December 2022

AN ANALYSIS OF BOUND MORPHEMES IN FIREHOUSEï¿½S SONG LYRICS ENTITLED "WHEN I LOOK INTO YOUR EYES"

Sukmono Bayu Adhi

Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika, Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the bound morphemes in the lyrics of the song ï¿½When I Look into Your Eyesï¿½. It is a descriptive qualitative study where data analysis is presented in tabular form. Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that the song lyrics contain 9 bound morphemes which two of them are derivational morphemes that function as class changing affixes. They each change an adjective to a verb, and a verb to a noun. The other seven data are inflectional morphemes which function as plural, past-tense, past participle, and third-person singular. From the calculation results, it is seen that the number of derivational morphemes is 22.5 percent while inflectional morphemes reach 77.5 percent. so it can be concluded that the inflectional morphemes are the most dominant.

Keywords: Song Lyrics, Bound Morpheme, Derivational Morpheme, Inflectional Morpheme.

Introduction

English is an international language that is used by most people in the world. It is not only used for communication in daily activity but it is also used in almost all sectors of life including in the field of art (Saddhono, 2018). Many people in the world that are not English native speaker oftenly also use English in creating their music or song even though it is not their native language. The song that uses English lyrics will be understood easily by all people in the world (Hampp, 2019). Thatï¿½s why the people who are non native speaker must understand at least the basic knowledge of how to make the correct sentences in English. Sentences are made up of words, so the speaker should understand the internal patterns of the words. The study that concerns with this thing is called morphology. (Wales, 2014) states that morphology ï¿½concerns the internal patterning of words, their ï¿½rootsï¿½ or ï¿½stemsï¿½ and affixes.ï¿½ (2014:277). (Atkinson et al., 2014) states ï¿½...attempts to define the word as a unit of grammar are in many ways more problematic than similar attempts with respect to the morpheme.ï¿½

(Kreidler, 2002) states that "The technical term for a minimal meaningful part is morpheme. Arms, chair, happy, guitar, lemon, shoe and horn are all morphemes; none of them can be divided into something smaller that is meaningful. They are free morphemes because they occur by themselves. (1998:51).

Based from the statement above, it can be concluded that morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit that has meaning, and then free morpheme is the kind of morpheme that can stand alone (Purwanti, 2020). (Kreidler, 2002) also states that "The elements un-, ist-, and -ade in unhappy, guitarist and lemonade respectively, are also morphemes; they are bound morphemes which are always attached to something else, as in these examples". This statement explains that beside free morpheme, the other kind of morpheme is called bound morpheme which cannot stand alone because they must be attached to other morphemes.

(Matthews, 1974) explains that "In Bloomfield's classic formulation, forms such as bon-, -bo or -bis are bound forms (or sequences of one or more bound morpheme): form which can only appear as part of larger form or larger sequence of morphemes".ï¿½ (Wales, 2014) states that ï¿½The morpheme (coined in 1896 by analogy with phoneme) is the smallest distinctive unit of grammatical analysis: it may be a word or free form, or anafﬁx or bound formï¿½. (Spencer, 1991) stated "...from the word disagreements we can dissect a basic morpheme agree and three bound morphemes, dis-, -ment, and -s. We call agree the root and the other (bound) morphemes affixes. The morphems -ment and -s, which come to the right of the root, are suffixes, while dis-, which comes to left, is a prefix. In the word disagreement we call the form disagreement the stem." (1991:5). (Wales, 2014) states that ï¿½Afﬁx is used in lexicology for a morpheme or form which can be added to the base or root of a word, usually at the beginning (i.e. prefix) or end (i.e. suffix), to make new words: e.g. pre-war; kindnessï¿½.

Based from the statements above, it can be concluded that bound morphemes are affixes. Itï¿½s also called suffixes when they comes to the right of the root, and called prefix when it comes to the left. (Spencer, 1991) also states that "traditional grammarians usually distinguished between two main types of morphological operation, inflection (or inflexion) and (derivation)".

This study focuses on the analysis of bound morphemes consisting of affixes, because sometimes it is not so easy for beginner English learners, especially those who are not native speakers of English. (Atkinson et al., 2014) states that "The distinction between inflectional and derivational forms is an important and useful one, but this does not mean that it is always possible to distinguish them clearly".

METHOD

This study used descriptive qualitative method.ï¿½ According to (Gay & Airasian, 2000), "Qualitative Research analyzes data interpretively by organizing the data into categories, identifying patterns, and producing a descriptive narrative synthesis, whereas quantitative analysis involves statistical procedures".The writer also used quantitative methods as a support in calculating the percentage of study results (Goertzen, 2017).

In this study the writer focused on finding the bound morphemes that used in ï¿½When I Look into Your Eyesï¿½ song lyrics. This song was performed by the music group Firehouse in 1992. Based on the data that was obtained from www.lyrics.com, it is explained there that FireHouse is an American hard rock or heavy metal band formed in Charlotte, North Carolina, in 1989. The band reached stardom during the early 1990s with hit singles like "Don't Treat Me Bad" "Reach For The Sky" and "All She Wrote", as well as their signature ballads "I Live My Life for You", "Love of a Lifetime", and "When I Look Into Your Eyes". At the 1992 American Music Awards, FireHouse won the award for Favorite Heavy Metal/Hard Rock New Artist.

states that "Lirical: referred originally to lyric poetry, that is, to poetry written to be sung to a lyre. However, the term 'lyric' now designates a short poem which emphasizes the expression of the individual's feeling and emotion rather than external events or attitudes".

The writer analyzed the data through some steps such as: (1) Reading the data; (2) Finding the meaning of the data, (3) Finding the types of bound morphemes used in the data by using tabulation, (4) Describing the types of derivational and inflectional morphemes used in the data, (5) Making conclusion

Result and Discussion

The lyrics of the song ï¿½When I Look into Your Eyesï¿½

a. I see forever when I look in your eyes

b. You're all I ever wanted

c. I always want you to be mine

d. Let's make a promise till the end of time

e. We'll always be together

f. And our love will never die

g. So here we are face to face

h. And heart to heart

i. I want you to know we will

j. Never be apart

k. Now I believe that wishes can come true

l. Cause I see my whole world

m. I see only you

n. When I look into your eyes

o. I can see how much I love you

p. And it makes me realize

q. When I look into your eyes

r. I see all my dreams come true

s. When I look into your eyes

t. I've looked for you all of my life

u. Now that I've found you

v. We will never say goodbye

w. I can't stop this feeling

x. There's nothing I can do

y. Cause I see everything when I look at you.

Table 1

The Percentage of Study Result

No	Type of Bound Morpheme	Data	Percentage
1	Derivational Morpheme	2	22.5 %
2	Inflectional Morpheme	7	77.5 %
	ï¿½ï¿½ Total	9	100 %

Table 2

The Result of Data Analysis

No	Data (Word in Lyric)	Line	Type / Category	Function	Amount
1	eyes	1, 14, 17,19	Inflectional morpheme	Plural	4
2	wanted	2	Inflectional morpheme	Past Tense	1
3	wishes	11	Inflectional morpheme	Plural	1
4	makes	16	Inflectional morpheme	Third-Person Singular	1
5	realize	16	Derivational morpheme (Class changing Affix)	Change Adjective --> Verb	1
6	dreams	18	Inflectional morpheme	Plural	1
7	looked	20	Inflectional morpheme	Past Participle	1
8	found	21	Inflectional morpheme	Past Participle	1
9	feeling	23	Derivational morpheme (Class changing Affix)	Change Verb --> Noun	1
	Total Data:ï¿½ 9			Total words:	12

ï¿½

After analyzing the data, the writer found 9 data which are bound morphemes. They consist of 2 derivational morphemes and 7 inflectional morphemes. All of the derivational morphemes function as the class changing affixes. (Atkinson et al., 2014) states that "...derivational often relates forms of different categories: consider and considering are both verbal forms, but consideration is a noun".

From the statement above it s clear that the derivational morpheme is a kind of bound morpheme which added to a stem to derive a new word (Adhi, 2022). Besides it can change into the new meaning, it can sometimes also change the word-class. And all of the derivational morphems found in this study are the class changing affixes. They are changing a noun to a verb, changing an adjective to a noun, and changing a verb to an adjective. If the affixes donï¿½t change the word class, it can be said that the morphemes are the class maintaining affixes. But the class maintaining derivational morphemes are not found in this song lyrics.

Based on the table 2, it can be also seen that there are 7 inflectional morphemes. Inflectional morpheme is a kind of bound morpheme which never change the syntactic category. According to (Atkinson et al., 2014), "a further typical distinction is that inflexion relates word forms which can be considered to fall within the same syntactic category...".

The inflectional morphemes found in this study function as Plural, Past Tense, Past Participle, and third-person singular (Sondakh et al., 2022). Data 1 (line 1) shows that suffix ï¿½s that is attached in the word eye has a function as plural. Data 2 (line 2) shows that suffix ï¿½ed that is attached in the word want has a function as past tense. In data 3 (line 11), the suffix ï¿½es that is attached in the word wish also has a function as plural. In data 4 (line 16), the suffix ï¿½s that is attached in the word make has a function as third-person singular. In data 6 (line 18), the suffix ï¿½s that is attached in the word dream has a function as plural. In data 7 (line 20), the suffix ï¿½ed that is attached in the word look has a function as past participle because the sentence uses present perfect tense. Data 8 (line 21) indicates that the word found has an inflectional morpheme that function as past participle because the sentence also uses present perfect tense.

In addition, the amount of data used in this study are only 9 data although there found 12 words that contain bound morphemes. It is because the 3 words found in this study are the same words which are sung repeatedly for several times as parts of chorus, so the writer considers it as the same data that have been included in the previous data.

The result of study that shown in table 1 indicates that there are 9 data of bound morphemes that consist of 2 derivational morphemes and 7 inflectional morphemes. So, this study shows that the inflectional morphemes are more dominant than the derivational ones where the inflectional amount reaches 77 percent of the total data.

Conclusion

Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that the song ï¿½When I Look into Your Eyesï¿½ contains 9 bound morphemes. Two of them are derivational morphemes that function as class changing affixes. They each change an adjective to a verb, and a verb to a noun. Seven of the data are inflectional morphemes which function as plural, past-tense, past participle, and third-person singular. From the calculation results, it can be seen that the number of derivational morphemes is 22.5 percent while inflectional morphemes reach 77.5 percent. So it can be concluded that the inflectional morphemes are the most dominant

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Sukmono Bayu Adhi (2022)

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