�Syntax Literate : Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
p�ISSN: 2541-0849
��e-ISSN : 2548-1398
Vol.
6, Spesial Issue No.
11, November 2021
�
POETIC DEVICES AND RUBRICS
ON LUISA GLUCK �AN ADVENTURE�
Jubilezer Sihite, Sabam
Taruna Simandalahi
Magister of Education in Language, Nommensen HKBP University, Medan, Indonesia
Email: [email protected],
[email protected]
Abstract
Poetry has a mystery contained in the choice of words a magical touch that can make the reader lulled. Through structures, certain issues can be addressed in a deeper analysis. The researcher focuses on the poetic device of Luisa Gluck's poetry "An Adventure". Poetic approach is used to find out the characteristics of poetry and to find out the values. There are two research problems in this study: what are the poetic tools used in the poetry and how are the results of using rubric. The first is answered by using a poetic device approach. Poetry is analysed based on the type of poetic devices: allegory, alliteration, figure of speech, imagery, assonance etc. The second is answered by calculating scores using rubric. A good poem can be judged by considering several important points to get a rating of whether a poem is bad, fair, good or very good.
Keywords: poetic devices, rubrics, poem, luisa gluck
Received:
2021-10-20; Accepted: 2021-11-05; Published: 2021-11-20
Introduction
There are many benefits that
can be obtained by studying literature, among others, related to all aspects of
entertainment and life experiences offered. In order for an understanding of
literature to be well received, a person is required to be able to enjoy the
results of literary works, master literary material, understand the nature and
purpose of literary learning, have the ability to appreciate literature, and
master literary teaching and assessment methods. According to (Djoko Pradopo, 2010),
the literary work is as the picture of the world and human life, the main criteria
that is putted on the literary work is �truth�, or everything that wants to be
pictured by the author. Through that process, the reader of their literary work
will be able to catch the characteristic of the author related with the world
around him/her
�� One form of literary work that can be enjoyed today is poetry.
Poetry is a human effort to describe the world with beautiful words that can be
used to understand and live a wider and deeper world. Poetry is a form of
expression of thoughts that can change feelings into a well-ordered rhythm. In
various types of spoken and written language, both literary and non-literary,
the delivery method is directly involved, especially related to the form of
writing the literary work itself. Poetry writers realize and understand that
literary works created must be easy to understand and convey their meaning.
Various kinds of ways and styles of language can also be analysed in terms of
literature or linguistics such as sentence types, phonological devices, lexical
varieties, morphological varieties, rhetorical, semantics, and even semiotics.
�� Basically, poetry is one of the literary genres that contains an
expression of the poet's feelings expressed in using careful and precise word
choices. The characteristics of poetry can be seen from the arrangement and
choice of words used as well as rhyme, typography, and not emphasizing
spelling. The arrangement or choice of language and words in poetry contains
rhyme, rhythm, and figures of speech. Poetry consists of a series of beautiful
words that can offer deep meaning to the reader, so that the reader can
interpret it through several approaches, including structural and semiotic
approaches.
�� According to (Arnold, 1964),
poetry is an interpretation of life. It is criticism of life. It has the power
to console, sustain and form us. At the same time, it delights us too. Poetry
plays an eminent role in life. It is more important than religion. In this
respect,
�� In poetry, as a criticism of life under the conditions fixed for
such a criticism by the laws of poetic truth and poetic beauty. "Poetry
usually uses certain forms and conventions to suggest alternative meanings in
words, or to evoke an emotional or sensual response. The use of figure of
speech, symbols, irony and other poetic diction often makes poetry invite many
interpretations for readers (en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Poetry#). Likewise, the
use of metaphors, similes and metonymy creates a resonance between different
images that can form a relationship that was previously not felt at all. Some important
things about poetry that seem good to note are as follows:
1.
Poetry is having a
concentrated thought, a poem says a lot in a little or vice versa.
2.
Poetry consists of words and
has its own tone.
3.
Poetry represents the senses
because it can convey thoughts with the poet's various choices of words.
4.
Poetry can answer our
questions about rhythm.
5.
Poetry is observation and
imagination
�� The language used in poetry is also not everyday language but
language and special choice of words which are considered to represent the
author's feelings because the choice of words in poetry is very selective by
paying attention to norms and aesthetics.
����������� To be an illustration of the ways or
steps that must be taken by the appreciator in interpreting a poem, more
specifically about the nature of poetry. In accordance with the research
objectives, it is hoped that this research can provide benefits for various
interests, both theoretically and practically. Provide information about the
results of poetic devices analysis of a poetry.
Methods
This research is limited to
focusing on the poetry An Adventure by Louisa Gluck about poetic devices. The
poem is considered one of the most famous poems of the century. The American
poet whose willingness to face the terrible, the difficult, and the painful
produced a collection of works characterized by insight and severe lyrics. In
2020 she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, cited "for his clear
poetic voice that loud beauty makes individual existence universal."
Louise's poetry is used as a study material for the reasons, first, the
situation described in the poem is relevant to the current situation. Where the
love for the homeland is getting more and more chaotic socially, economically,
politically and culturally. What is right is covered up and what is wrong is
heralded. Second, the poet, Louise, is one of the most prolific German writers
in various literary works, whether in the form of drama, epic, or poetry. Gluck
is best known for his lyrical poetry of linguistic precision and dark tones.
�� This research is a library research that uses a qualitative
descriptive design technique. Qualitative research is a research method to
explore and understand the meaning that some individuals or groups of people
think come from social or human problems (Creswell &
Poth, 2016). Data
collection methods involve the use of focus groups, document review, or
observation. Library research is a technique of collecting data by learning and
understanding data which has close relation with the problems from books,
theories, notes, and documents. It is a general or specialized library that
collects materials for use in intensive research projects (George, 2008).
A qualitative descriptive design is used when an uncomplicated description is
desired that focuses on details about what, where, when, and why an event
occurred. This research is a library research because the source of the data is
the poetry text. The data source used is the poetry An Adventure by Louise
Gluck. This poem is taken from website the�
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/04/01/anadventure,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDL8IMLA0Uc The steps of data collection and
analysis required are searching/surfing on the surface of the internet,
watching and reading stanzas. The research problem will be solved by using a
poetry rubric to analyse, but in its development this theory can also be used
to analyse other literary works. (Andrade, 2000)
defines a rubric as �a scoring tool that lists the criteria for a piece of
work� and one which �articulates gradations of quality for each criterion, from
excellent to poor�.
Result and Discussion
What is meant
by a poetic device is an element that is contained in and composes a text that
is used to obtain aspects of the beauty of language and the delivery of
meaning. Basically, a poetic device is the intentional use of words, phrases,
sounds and even forms to convey meaning. Anything that affects the appearance
or sound of a poem or other written work is a type of poetic device.
�� The poetry is spoken from a more mature
perspective and reflects the fact that the duration of life in this world is
limited. In addition, poets also reflect on the integrity of love and poetry as
an important thing in their lives. In its delivery, the poem is like "An
Adventure" that frame the journey of life to death. In terms of form, the
poem is in numbered sections and sorted into long descriptive sections. The
latter is critical to recognizing the way the poet juxtaposes ornate language
and adds an additional feeling of tension between doubt and certainty. Poet used
the second person to comment generally to their audience, but here the figure
of "you" seems to be particularly embodied and specific.
1. Allegory
The poet used an allegory on the poetry, she used rhetorical strategy of
extending a metaphor through an entire narrative. It can be found at stanza 1,
the 3rdline �to which I had long been a slave. Finished with love?� Stanza 2
the 5thlineprotested its future, like a small child being deprived of a
favourite toy. Stanza 3 the 1stlineI was, you will understand, entering the
kingdom of death. Stanza 54th line now we were substance without form, like
evaporated chemicals. Stanza 65th line there was a dent in the second
pillowcase. The poet assumed that every object, person, and action in the text
is part of the big metaphor and is equated with meaning outside the text.
2. Alliteration
Alliteration is also found in the poetry. It can be found at stanza 1
the 2nd line that I had finished with those amorous adventures, stanza 2 the
1st line the next night brought the same thought, the 3rd line various other
passions and sensations were, in the same way, stanza 3 the 4thwhile the years
were very short. The sun sank over the far mountain line, the 5th line the
stars shone, the moon waxed and waned. Soon and the 7th line my mother and
father, my infant sister; they had not, it seemed. The poet used alliteration
as the repetition of sounds or letters at the beginning of several words in a
series. That is, the same consonant sound in lines of poetry; usually at the
beginning of successive words. Such repetition is an impression of the beauty
of sound.
3. Figurative
Figurative is also found in the poetry. It can be seen from stanza 1 the
2nd line
that I had finished with those amorous
adventures, stanza 1 the 4th line my heart murmured stanza 2 the 7th line and
once more I alluded to the vast territory, the 9th line a glorious knight
riding into the setting sun, and my heart. Stanza 3 the 1st line I was, you
will understand, entering the kingdom of death, the 3rdlinewhile the years were
very short, the 4th line the sun sank over the far mountain, the 5th line the
stars shone, the moon waxed and waned. Stanza 4 the 5th line the mountain that
supported it completely dissolved, the 7th line all around, the dead were
cheering me on. Stanza 5 the 3rd line as we had been before objects with
shadows. Stanza 6 the 3rd line mounded in white drifts over my lower body.
Stanza 6 the 5th line there was a dent in the second pillowcase.
The poet assumed indirect reference to something. Figurative is a figure
of speech or figure of speech that is not easily accessible. It takes extensive
knowledge for a reader to understand the figurative examples used by a poet in
her writing.
4. Imagery
The poet used imagery. It is an impression that arises because of an
understanding of a reality. Understanding itself arises because of the
information. Imagery is defined as the impression that a person gets based on
his knowledge and understanding of facts and reality. It can be found at stanza
4 the 1st line
at this point, I attained the precipice, the 2nd but the trail did not, I saw, descend on the
other side; the 4th line as far
as the eye could see, though gradually, the 6thline so that I found myself
riding steadily through the air�the 7thline all around, the dead
were cheering me on.
The poet used words in poetry to express or present sensory experiences.
Poets with images as if painting, or presenting a scene, spreading smells,
presenting something, moving images, in the mind of the reader.
5. Assonance
Assonance is found on the poetry. The poet used repetition of vowel
sounds or diphthongs in one or more words that are found close together as
stanza 1 the 2nd line that I had finished with those amorous
adventures, stanza 2 the 1st line the next night brought the same
thought, the 3rd line various other passions and sensations were, in
the same way, stanza 3 the 4th while the years were very short. The sun sank over
the far mountain line, the 5th line the stars shone, the moon waxed and waned.
Soon and the 7th line my mother and father, my infant sister; they had not, it
seemed. The poet a method for achieving emphasis and cohesion in short
stretches of text. Assonance is very closely related to internal rhyme.
However, assonance is different from rhyme because rhyme usually involves
vowels and consonants.
6. Blank Verse
Blank verse is found on the poetry. The poet used the way of writing
refers to poetry written without rhyme, especially if the poem is written in
iambic pentameter. It can be seen from stanza 2 the 1stline the next night
brought the same thought, the 9th line a glorious knight riding into the
setting sun. Stanza 4 the 6th line so that I found myself riding
steadily through the air�the 7th line all around, the dead were cheering me on.
The poet used blank verse, which can achieve grandeur while echoing the natural
rhythm of speech.
7. Consonants
Consonants is also found in the poetry. It is a repetition of certain
consonant sounds in close proximity. It can be found at stanza 1 the 2nd
line those amorous adventures. Stanza 2 the 1st line brought the
same thought, the 3rd line passions and sensations, the 4th
line night my heart. Stanza 5 the 3rd line objects with shadows. The
poet used consonants refers to a pleasant sound caused by the repetition of
similar consonant sounds in a group of words or literary works. This repetition
often occurs at the end of words, but can also be found within words.
8. Enjambment
Enjambment is found on the poetry. It is a continuation of the sentence
beyond the line breaks, stanzas, or stanzas without the expected breaks. It can
be found at stanza 1 It came to me one night as I was falling asleep, that I
had finished with those amorous adventures, to which I had long been a slave.
Finished with love? Stanza 2 The next night brought the same thought, this time
concerning poetry, and in the nights that followed, various other passions and
sensations were, in the same way. The poet used enjambement is the arrangement
of sentences from the end of the line above it to the beginning of the next
line in poetry.
9. Metaphor
Metaphor is also found in the poetry. It is a compares one thing with
another. Metaphor states that something is said by someone to describe
something else. It can be found at stanza 1 the 2nd line that I had
finished with those amorous adventures. Stanza 2 the 9th line a
glorious knight riding into the setting sun, and my heart. Stanza 3 the 1st
line I was, you will understand, entering the kingdom of death. The poet used
this figure of speech to show position of two different things because of the
difference or describing an event using symbols.
10. Repetition
Repetition is also used in the poetry. It is self-explanatory�it is the
process of repeating certain words or phrases. It can be seen from stanza 3 the
7th line my mother and father, my infant sister; they had not, it seemed,
Stanza 4 the 1st and 2nd line I attained the precipice
but the trail did not, I saw, descend on the other side; Stanza 5 the 5th
and 6th line Neigh, neigh, said my heart, or perhaps nay, nay�it was
hard to know. The poet use repetition to give an effect that makes literary
works come alive.
11. Rhetorical
Rhetorical is used in the poetry. It is a question asked to convey a
point rather than expecting an answer. It can be found at stanza 1 the 3rd
line to which I had long been a slave. Finished with love?. The poet used
rhetorical to get an answer, but this rhetorical sentence is asked to raise a
point.
12. Rhythm
Rhythm is also found in the poetry. It refers to the pattern of long,
short, stressed, and unstressed syllables in writing. It can be found at stanza
1 the 6th line For I could
not name them. But the belief that they existed�Stanza 4 the 6th and 9 line so
that I found myself riding steadily through the air�by the task of responding
to them� Stanza 6 the 4th line You had been with me�6th line You had been with
me�
The poet used
rhythm to create effect and audible by inserting certain pauses or words in a
poem.
Rubric
A.
Message
|
|
Description |
|
|
excellent |
Message is
compelling, engaging, and very clear. Message achieves purpose of encouraging
one to vote. |
|
|
10-14 |
good |
Message is engaging
and clear. Message achieves purpose of encouraging one to vote. |
|
5-9 |
fair |
Message is
somewhat engaging, but lacks focus. Message somewhat achieves purpose of encouraging
one to vote |
|
0-4 |
poor |
Message does not
capture nor maintain the reader's attention and does not maintain a focus.
Message does not encourage one to vote. |
Message is the theme of the story
in poetry. Poetry contains uniqueness to attract readers by affixing images and
feelings. Poetry expands language, enabling poets to communicate in unique
ways. That can be found in this poem where the message is conveyed, engaging
and clear.
B.
Use
of Convention
|
Points |
|
Description |
|
15-20 |
excellent |
Free of spelling
and punctuation errors. Grammar usage is controlled and error free. |
|
10-14 |
good |
Some spelling and
punctuation errors; meaning is not interrupted by these errors. Grammar is somewhat
controlled; minimal errors |
|
5-9 |
fair |
Problems with
spelling and punctuation causes some interruption in reading. Several
grammatical problems are
evident. |
|
0-4 |
poor |
Spelling and
punctuation errors are frequent and interrupt reading of story. Incorrect use
of grammar and
punctuation interfere with understanding the writing. |
C.
Form
|
Points |
|
Description |
|
15-20 |
excellent |
The structure is
intentional and elements flow seamlessly together to enhance meaning of
message. Poem is complete. |
|
10-14 |
good |
|
|
5-9 |
fair |
Structure
somewhat contributes to meaning. Poem is not fully developed |
|
0-4 |
poor |
Overall poem
lacks coherence and message is unclear. Poem is not complete. |
�� The
way poet showed and draw the structure and pattern of the poetry. It is
conformed to specific norms and rules about rhyme rhythm of the poetry. The
poetry consisted of elements and intentional to show the massage. So it is concluded the poetry is complete.
D.
Technique
|
Points |
|
Description |
|
15-20 |
excellent |
Effectively uses
vivid vocabulary, unique details, figurative language, and sensory details to
create tone and meaning. Evokes a strong response from the reader |
|
10-14 |
good |
Uses vocabulary,
figurative language, and sensory details to create tone and meaning. Evokes a
moderate response from the reader. |
|
5-9 |
fair |
Weak use of
vocabulary, figurative language, and sensory details to create tone and
meaning. Evokes a minimal
response from reader. |
|
0-4 |
poor |
Lack of
vocabulary, figurative language, and sensory details create an overgeneralized
or vague poem. Reader is unmoved by work. |
Technique is very important when
writing a poetry. It can lead the reader easy to get the message and meaning.
The poetry consisted of some vocabulary, figurative language, meaning and tone,
so it can evoke a moderate response from the reader.
E.
Originality
|
Points |
|
Description |
|
15-20 |
excellent |
Writer's distinct
voice and unique perspective is very evident; a highly creative and
innovative approach grabs reader |
|
10-14 |
good |
Writer's voice
and unique perspective is evident; a creative and innovative approach grabs
reader. |
|
5-9 |
fair |
Writer's unique
perspective is somewhat evident. Approach lacks imagination |
|
0-4 |
poor |
Writer's unique
perspective is not evident and approach seems cliched and /or uninteresting. |
Exactly
the poetry is original. The poet distinct voice and used unique point of view.
The poet is creative and innovative to get the reader attention.
Conclusion
Having been analysed in the
previous section it can be concluded that "An Adventure" consisted of
some poetics devices such as allegory, alliteration, figurative, imagery,
assonance, blank verse, consonants, enjambment, metaphor, repetition,
rhetorical and rhythm. The poetry is about the poet's journey of life and
rising from darkness. The poet recounts a strange experience after entering the
darkness, then rises to find himself lying down. The poet still wasn't sure if
he was really dead or had fallen into the abyss.
The poetry is also considered as a good and complete poetry
because its message engaging and clear. Message achieves purpose of encouraging
one to vote.� It has free of spelling and
punctuation errors. It has good grammar and the structure is intentional and
elements flow together to enhance meaning of message. It is also use specific
vocabulary, unique perspective, distinct voice, figurative language and sensory
details to create tone and meaning so it is highly creative and innovative
approach grabs reader.
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Creswell, John W., & Poth, Cheryl N. (2016). Qualitative
inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage
publications. Google
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Djoko Pradopo, Rachmat. (2010). Pengkajian puisi.
Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press. Google
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George, Mary W. (2008). The elements of library
research. Princeton University Press. Google
Scholar
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Copyright holder: Eko Prasetyo,
Ivan Anindito Arista, Rudi Hermawan,
Erlanda Pane (2021) |
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First publication right: Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah
Indonesia |
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