Intensitas Komunikasi Interpersonal Orang Tua dengan Anak Perempuan Temperamental
Keywords:
orang tua, komunikasi interpersonal, temperamental, anak perempuan
Abstract
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan intensitas komunikasi interpersonal orang tua pada anak perempuan temperamental. Fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah menguraikan upaya – upaya komunikasi interpersonal yang dilakukan oleh orang tua pada anak perempuan yang memilik perilaku temperamen dalam menciptakan hubungan yang harmonis guna saling memahami satu sama lain serta menekan munculnya perilaku temperamen pada anak. Metode penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode kualitatif. Wawancara secara mendalam (In-Depth Interview) digunakan sebagai sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa: intensitas komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh orang pada anak perempuan temperamental termasuk kedalam kategori cukup sering. Dibuktikan dari frekuensi dalam berkomunikasi yang dilakukan cukup sering, cukup fokus ketika berkomunikasi, konsistensi komunikasi yang cukup teratur, isi atau pesan dalam komunikasinya yang sangat beragam dan luas, dan kemampuan dalam berkomunikasi yang terbilang mampu. Waktu yang banyak dimanfaatkan orang tua untuk berkomunikasi adalah waktu sore hingg malam. Ditemui juga bahwa komunikasi yang dilakukan orang tua lebih dominan pada ibu. Kemudian komunikasi interpersonal serta pemahaman orang tua akan komunikasi dan perilaku temperamen berbeda beradasar tingkat pendidikan dan usia. Hambatan yang ditemui dalam berkomunikasi adalah: kesibukan orang tua, perilaku pendiam pada anak, mood swing, dam perilaku temperamen dari anak itu sendiri.
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References
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Grossmann, K., Grossmann, K. E., Fremmer-Bombik, E., Kindler, H., Scheuerer-Englisch, H., & Zimmermann, P. (2002). The uniqueness of the child-father attachment relationship: Fathers’ sensitive and challenging play as a pivotal variable in a 16-year longitudinal study. Social Development, 11(3), 301–337. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9507.00202
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Mehall, K. G., Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., & Gaertner, B. M. (2009). Examining the Relations of Infant Temperament and Couples’ Marital Satisfaction to Mother and Father Involvement: A Longitudinal Study. Fathering, 7(1), 23–48. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452229300.n1121
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Planalp, E., Hulle, C. A. Van, & Goldsmith, H. H. (2020). Parenting in Context: Martial Adjustment, Parent Affect, and Child Temperament in Complex Families. J Fam Psychol, 33(5), 532–541. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000511.Parenting
Planalp, E. M., Du, H., Braungart-Rieker, J. M., & Wang, L. (2017). Growth Curve Modeling to Studying Change: A Comparison of Approaches Using Longitudinal Dyadic Data With Distinguishable Dyads. Struct Equ Modeling, 24(1), 129–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2016.1224088.Growth
Pleck, J., & Hofferth, S. L. (2008). Mother Involvement as an Influence on Father Involvement with Early Adolescents. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 6(3), 267–286. https://doi.org/10.3149/fth.0603.267.Mother
Reitz, E., Deković, M., & Meijer, A. M. (2005). The structure and stability of externalizing and internalizing problem behavior during early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(6), 577–588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-8947-z
Sari, P. P., Sumardi, S., & Mulyadi, S. (2020). Pola Asuh Orang Tua Terhadap Perkembangan Emosional Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Paud Agapedia, 4(1), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpa.v4i1.27206
Sriyanti, L. (2014). Psikologi Anak: Mengenal Autis hingga Hiperaktif. (U. Hayati (ed.); 1st ed.). STAIN Salatiga Press.
Sulistyorini, L. (2016). Pengaruh Permainan Kooperatif Terhadap Reaksi Temper Tantrum Pada Anak Usia Pra Sekolah (3-6 Tahun) (the Effect of Cooperative Play on Temper Tantrums Reaction Among Preschool Children (3-6 Years Old)). NurseLine Journal, 1(2).
Sutopo. 2006. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Surakarta: UNS hal 56-57.
Syamsuddin. (2013). Mengenal Perilaku Tantrum Dan Bagaimana Mengatasinya; Understanding Tantrum Behavior And How To Solve It. Jurnal Informasi, 18(02), 73–82.
Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Shannon, J. D., Cabrera, N. J., & Lamb, M. E. (2004). Fathers and mothers at play with their 2- and 3-year-olds: Contributions to language and cognitive development. Child Development, 75(6), 1806–1820. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00818.x
Totuka, N., & Khan, S. (2020). Socio-Demographic Variables and Temperament among High School Students. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 9(5), 2018–2021. https://doi.org/10.21275/SR20504141448
Utami, R., & Widodo, P. (2015). Efektivitas Komunikasi Interpersonal Remaja-Orangtua Dan Kematangan Karir Pada Siswa Kelas Xii Smk Negeri 7 Semarang. Jurnal Empati, 4(4), 267–271.
Amansari, D. (2013). Temperamen Pada Anak Prasekolah. SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN ‘AISYIYAH YOGYAKARTA.
Amin, A. (2014). IMPLEMENTASI ASESMEN DAN INTERVENSI BAGI ANAK BERPERILAKU TEMPER TANTRUM (suatu kajian teori dan studi kasus). Jurnal Kreatif Tadulako, 17(1), 123712.
Baharuddin, B. (2019). Pengaruh Komunikasi Orang Tua Terhadap Perilaku Anak Pada Min I Lamno Desa Pante Keutapang Aceh Jaya. Jurnal Al-Ijtimaiyyah, 5(1), 105. https://doi.org/10.22373/al-ijtimaiyyah.v5i1.4207
Beesdo, K., Bittner, A., Pine, D. S., Stein, M. B., Höfler, M., Lieb, R., & Wittchen, H. U. (2007). Incidence of social anxiety disorder and the consistent risk for secondary depression in the first three decades of life. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(8), 903–912. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.8.903
Braungart-Rieker, J. M., Garwood, M. M., Powers, B. P., & Wang, X. (2001). Parental sensitivity, infant affect, and affect regulation: Predictors of later attachment. Child Development, 72(1), 252–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00277
Bridges, L.J.; Grolnick, W.S. (1995). The development of emotional self-regulation in infancy and early childhood. Soc. Sci. Dev. J. 15, 185–211.
Capatides, J.B.; Bloom, L. (1993). Underlying process in the socialization of emotion. In Advances in Infancy Research; Rovee-Collier, C., Lipsitt, L., Eds.; Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ, USA, pp. 99–135.
Carrasco, M. A., Delgado, B., & Holgado-Tello, F. P. (2020). Children’s temperament: A bridge between mothers’ parenting and aggression. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176382
Davidov M, Grusec JE. (2006). Untangling the links of parental responsiveness to distress and warmth to child outcomes. Child Dev. vol 77(1):44-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00855.x. PMID: 16460524.
De Wolff, M., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. (1997). Sensitivity and Attachment: A Meta-Analysis on Parental Antecedent of Infant Attachment. Child Development, 68(4), 571–591.
Denham, S. A., Wyatt, T. M., Bassett, H. H., Echeverria, D., & Knox, S. S. (2009). Assessing social-emotional development in children from a longitudinal perspective. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 63(SUPPL. 1). https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2007.070797
Donovan, C. L., & Spence, S. H. (2000). Prevention of childhood anxiety disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 20(4), 509–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00040-9
Ediati, A. (2015). Profil Problem Emosi/ Perilaku Pada Remaja Pelajar SMP-SMA Di Kota Semarang. Jurnal Psikologi Undip, 14(2), 190–198. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpu.14.2.190-198
Eisenberg, N., Damon, W., & Lerner, R. M. (2006). HANDBOOK OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fhadila, K. D. (2017). Menyikapi Perubahan Perilaku Remaja. Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia, 2(2), 17–23. https://jurnal.iicet.org/index.php/jpgi/article/view/220
Fletcher AC, Steinberg L, Williams-Wheeler M. (2004). Parental influences on adolescent problem behavior: revisiting Stattin and Kerr. Child Dev. May-Jun;75(3):781-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00706.x. PMID: 15144486.
Grossmann, K., Grossmann, K. E., Fremmer-Bombik, E., Kindler, H., Scheuerer-Englisch, H., & Zimmermann, P. (2002). The uniqueness of the child-father attachment relationship: Fathers’ sensitive and challenging play as a pivotal variable in a 16-year longitudinal study. Social Development, 11(3), 301–337. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9507.00202
Gunning, M., Halligan, S. L., & Murray, L. (2013). Contributions of maternal and infant factors to infant responding to the Still Face paradigm: A longitudinal study. In Infant Behavior and Development (Vol. 36, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.02.003
Hanifah, L., & Ningrum, M. P. (2017). Deteksi dini masalah mental emosional, anak prasekolah usia 36 sampai 72 bulan. Jurnal Kebidanan Indonesia, 4(2), 1–19. https://stikesmus.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/JKebIn/article/view/77 tanggal 20 Juli 2019
Islamiyati, T. (2019). Komunikasi Antarpribadi Ibu Dalam Mendidik Anak Berprestasi Akademik ( Studi Kasus Pada Ibu Yang Berprofesi Sebagai Guru Bimbingan Konseling Yang Tergabung di Musyawarah Guru Bimbingan Konseling di Kabupaten Kuningan-Jawa Barat dalam Mendidik Anak Berpres. IDEA : Jurnal Humaniora, 2(2), 142–152.
Jannah, M. (2017). Remaja Dan Tugas-Tugas Perkembangannya Dalam Islam. Psikoislamedia : Jurnal Psikologi, 1(1), 243–256. https://doi.org/10.22373/psikoislamedia.v1i1.1493
Kapetanovic, S., Rothenberg, W. A., Lansford, J. E., Bornstein, M. H., Chang, L., Deater-Deckard, K., Di Giunta, L., Dodge, K. A., Gurdal, S., Malone, P. S., Oburu, P., Pastorelli, C., Skinner, A. T., Sorbring, E., Steinberg, L., Tapanya, S., Uribe Tirado, L. M., Yotanyamaneewong, S., Peña Alampay, L., … Bacchini, D. (2020). Cross-Cultural Examination of Links between Parent–Adolescent Communication and Adolescent Psychological Problems in 12 Cultural Groups. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49(6), 1225–1244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01212-2
Kim, S., & Kochanska, G. (2021). Family sociodemographic resources moderate the path from toddlers’ hard-to-manage temperament to parental control to disruptive behavior in middle childhood. Dev Psychopathol., 33(1), 160–172. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419001664.Family
Klein, M. R., Lengua, L. J., Thompson, S. F., Moran, L., Ruberry, E. J., Kiff, C., & Zalewski, M. (2018). Bidirectional Relations Between Temperament and Parenting Predicting Preschool-age Children’s Adjustment Melanie. Physiology & Behavior, 176(3), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2016.1169537.Bidirectional
KPAI. (2021). No Data Kasus Pengaduan Anak 2016 – 2020. KPAI.GO.ID. https://bankdata.kpai.go.id/tabulasi-data/data-kasus-pengaduan-anak-2016-2020
Kusramadhanty, M., Hastuti, D., & Herawati, T. (2019). Temperamen dan praktik pengasuhan orang tua menentukan perkembangan sosial emosi anak usia prasekolah. Persona:Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 8(2), 258–277. https://doi.org/10.30996/persona.v8i2.2794
Mehall, K. G., Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., & Gaertner, B. M. (2009). Examining the Relations of Infant Temperament and Couples’ Marital Satisfaction to Mother and Father Involvement: A Longitudinal Study. Fathering, 7(1), 23–48. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452229300.n1121
Merikangas, K. R., Ms. Jian-ping He, M. S., Dr. Marcy Burstein, P. ., Swanson, M. S. A., Avenevoli, D. S., Ms. Lihong Cui, M. S., Dr. Corina Benjet, P. ., Dr. Katholiki Georgiades, P. ., & Dr. Joel Swendsen, P. D. (2010). Lifetime Prevalence of Mental Disorders in US Adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Study-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 49(10), 980–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.017.Lifetime
Munna, Z. N., Wijayanti, A., & Tanto, O. D. (2022). Peran Pola Komunikasi Orang Tua terhadap Perkembangan Emosi Anak Usia 4-5 di Masa New Normal. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(1), 401–409. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i1.1334
Planalp, E., Hulle, C. A. Van, & Goldsmith, H. H. (2020). Parenting in Context: Martial Adjustment, Parent Affect, and Child Temperament in Complex Families. J Fam Psychol, 33(5), 532–541. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000511.Parenting
Planalp, E. M., Du, H., Braungart-Rieker, J. M., & Wang, L. (2017). Growth Curve Modeling to Studying Change: A Comparison of Approaches Using Longitudinal Dyadic Data With Distinguishable Dyads. Struct Equ Modeling, 24(1), 129–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2016.1224088.Growth
Pleck, J., & Hofferth, S. L. (2008). Mother Involvement as an Influence on Father Involvement with Early Adolescents. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 6(3), 267–286. https://doi.org/10.3149/fth.0603.267.Mother
Reitz, E., Deković, M., & Meijer, A. M. (2005). The structure and stability of externalizing and internalizing problem behavior during early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(6), 577–588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-8947-z
Sari, P. P., Sumardi, S., & Mulyadi, S. (2020). Pola Asuh Orang Tua Terhadap Perkembangan Emosional Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Paud Agapedia, 4(1), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpa.v4i1.27206
Sriyanti, L. (2014). Psikologi Anak: Mengenal Autis hingga Hiperaktif. (U. Hayati (ed.); 1st ed.). STAIN Salatiga Press.
Sulistyorini, L. (2016). Pengaruh Permainan Kooperatif Terhadap Reaksi Temper Tantrum Pada Anak Usia Pra Sekolah (3-6 Tahun) (the Effect of Cooperative Play on Temper Tantrums Reaction Among Preschool Children (3-6 Years Old)). NurseLine Journal, 1(2).
Sutopo. 2006. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Surakarta: UNS hal 56-57.
Syamsuddin. (2013). Mengenal Perilaku Tantrum Dan Bagaimana Mengatasinya; Understanding Tantrum Behavior And How To Solve It. Jurnal Informasi, 18(02), 73–82.
Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Shannon, J. D., Cabrera, N. J., & Lamb, M. E. (2004). Fathers and mothers at play with their 2- and 3-year-olds: Contributions to language and cognitive development. Child Development, 75(6), 1806–1820. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00818.x
Totuka, N., & Khan, S. (2020). Socio-Demographic Variables and Temperament among High School Students. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 9(5), 2018–2021. https://doi.org/10.21275/SR20504141448
Utami, R., & Widodo, P. (2015). Efektivitas Komunikasi Interpersonal Remaja-Orangtua Dan Kematangan Karir Pada Siswa Kelas Xii Smk Negeri 7 Semarang. Jurnal Empati, 4(4), 267–271.
Published
2023-03-15
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Original Articles
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