Mechanism of Creating Happiness in Life: A Policy Evaluation of Smart City Development in DKI Jakarta
Keywords:
DKI Jakarta, smart city, evaluation, happiness, HDSC
Abstract
The smart city development policy carried out by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government since 2014 aims to improve the quality of life. Theoretically, the achievement of improving the quality of life can be described through happiness indicators. Based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the value and ranking of the happiness index for the civil of DKI Jakarta in 2021 are worse than the achievements in 2017. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the mechanism for creating life happiness in the smart city of DKI Jakarta according to the characteristics of the Happiness Driven Smart City (HDSC). The data collection method is through document tracing and utilization of secondary data. The data analysis is carried out descriptively by using HDSC characteristics criteria. The study shows that the mechanism for creating happiness through developing a smart city by the government of DKI Jakarta is generally under the HDSC characteristic criteria. Therefore, the authors recommend several improvements to create a happy life in this city according to the HDSC characteristic criteria.
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References
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Huggins, R., & Thompson, P. (2015). Entrepreneurship, innovation and regional growth: a network theory. Small Business Economics, 45(1), 103–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9643-3
Kim, J. H. (2022). Smart city trends: A focus on 5 countries and 15 companies. Cities, 123(December 2020), 103551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103551
Kozlowski, W., & Suwar, K. (2021). Smart City: Definitions, Dimensions, and Initiatives. European Research Studies Journal, XXIV(Special Issue 3), 509–520. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/2442
Kuada, J. (2015). Entrepreneurship in Africa – a classificatory framework and a research agenda. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 6(2), 148–163. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-10-2014-0076
Kupiec, T., & Wojtowicz, D. (2022). “Quality of life†concept in Cohesion Policy evaluation in Poland, 2004–2020. Evaluation and Program Planning, 94(August), 102153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102153
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Lee, S. W., Sarp, S., Jeon, D. J., & Kim, J. H. (2015). Smart water grid: the future water management platform. Desalination and Water Treatment, 55(2), 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.917887
Liu, J., Chen, N., Chen, Z., Xu, L., Du, W., Zhang, Y., & Wang, C. (2022). Towards sustainable smart cities: Maturity assessment and development pattern recognition in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 370(September 2021), 133248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133248
Mărcuţ, M. (2022). Redefining the Smart City within the European Digital Society. Romanian Journal of European Affairs, 22(1), 69–84.
Mundada, M., & Mukkamala, R. R. (2020). Smart cities for sustainability-an analytical perspective. Proceedings of the World Conference on Smart Trends in Systems, Security and Sustainability, WS4 2020, 770–775. https://doi.org/10.1109/WorldS450073.2020.9210379
Myeong, S., Park, J., & Lee, M. (2022). Research Models and Methodologies on the Smart City: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031687
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. In Pearson Education Limited (Vol. 30, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.2307/3211488
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Pemerintah Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta. (2020). Laporan Kinerja Provinsi DKI Jakarta Tahun 2020. https://ppid.jakarta.go.id/show/asset/LKIP-2020
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Prakash, A. (2019). Smart Cities Mission in India: some definitions and considerations. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 8(4), 322–337. https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-07-2018-0039
Rahman, S., Sumotarto, U., & Pramudito, H. (2018). Influence the condition land subsidence and groundwater impact of Jakarta coastal area. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 106(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/106/1/012006
Reza, I. F., & Azmi, I. F. (2021). Comparison of Technology, Human Resources, and Institutional Resources Perspectives: Cases of Jakarta Smart City. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 717(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/717/1/012029
Rifqi Noval, S. M. (2022). Evolusi Hak Pekerja Di Era Digital: Prawacana Right To Disconnect Di Indonesia. Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum, 6(2), 234–253. https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v6i2.637
Silk, M., Millington, B., Rich, E., & Bush, A. (2016). (Re-)thinking digital leisure. Leisure Studies, 35(6), 712–723. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2016.1240223
Syalianda, S. I., & Kusumastuti, R. D. (2021). Implementation of smart city concept: A case of Jakarta Smart City, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 716(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/716/1/012128
Trindade, E. (2017). Sustainable development of smart cities: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40852-017-0063-2
Visvizi, A., & Lytras, M. D. (2020). Sustainable smart cities and smart villages research: Rethinking security, safety, well-being, and happiness. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010215
Wang, J., Ren, Y., Shen, L., Liu, Z., Wu, Y., & Shi, F. (2020). A novel evaluation method for urban infrastructures carrying capacity. Cities, 105(June), 102846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102846
William N. Dunn. (2018). Public Policy Analysis An Integrated Approach Sixth Edition. In Taylor and Francis (Vol. 1, Issue 6).
Wu, W., Zhu, D., Liu, W., & Wu, C. H. (2022). Empirical research on smart city construction and public health under information and communications technology. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 80(August 2020), 100994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2020.100994
Yeh, H. (2017). The effects of successful ICT-based smart city services: From citizens’ perspectives. Government Information Quarterly, 34(3), 556–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2017.05.001
Yigitcanlar, T., Kamruzzaman, M., Foth, M., Sabatini-Marques, J., da Costa, E., & Ioppolo, G. (2019). Can cities become smart without being sustainable? A systematic review of the literature. Sustainable Cities and Society, 45(November 2018), 348–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.11.033
Yigitcanlar, T., Kankanamge, N., & Vella, K. (2021). How Are Smart City Concepts and Technologies Perceived and Utilized? A Systematic Geo-Twitter Analysis of Smart Cities in Australia. Journal of Urban Technology, 28(1–2), 135–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2020.1753483
Zakzak, L. (2019). Citizen - centric Smart City Development : The Case of Smart Dubai ’ s “ Happiness Agenda .†ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 7, 141–147.
Zhao, F., Fashola, O. I., Olarewaju, T. I., & Onwumere, I. (2021). Smart city research: A holistic and state-of-the-art literature review. Cities, 119(May 2020), 103406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103406
Zheng, C., Yuan, J., Zhu, L., Zhang, Y., & Shao, Q. (2020). From digital to sustainable: A scientometric review of smart city literature between 1990 and 2019. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258, 120689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120689
Zhu, H., Shen, L., & Ren, Y. (2022). How can smart city shape a happier life? The mechanism for developing a Happiness Driven Smart City. Sustainable Cities and Society, 80(September 2021), 103791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.103791
Albino, V., Berardi, U., & Dangelico, R. M. (2015). Smart cities: Definitions, dimensions, performance, and initiatives. Journal of Urban Technology, 22(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2014.942092
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2018). Statistik Kesejahteraan Rakyat Provinsi DKI Jakarta.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2019). Statistik Kesejahteraan Rakyat Provinsi DKI Jakarta.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021a). Statistik Kesejahteraan Rakyat Provinsi DKI Jakarta.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021b). Statistik Ketahanan Sosial Hasil SUSENAS Modul HANSOS.
Ballas, D. (2013). What makes a “happy city� Cities, 32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.04.009
Bappeda DKI Jakarta. (2017). RPJMD Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Tahun 2017-2022.
Batty, M. (2012). Smart cities of the future. European Physical Journal: Special Topics, 214(1), 481–518. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2012-01703-3
BPS. (2021). Indeks Kebahagiaan 2021.
BPS Provinsi DKI Jakarta. (2021). Index Pembangunan Manusia Provinsi DKI Jakarta 2021. In Jakarta. https://jakarta.bps.go.id/publication/2021/12/22/6af918c6df91ad9a6cce8daf/indeks-pembangunan-manusia-dki-jakarta-2021.html
Burbules, N. C., Fan, G., & Repp, P. (2020). Five trends of education and technology in a sustainable future. Geography and Sustainability, 1(2), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2020.05.001
Chen, B., Liu, T., & Wang, Y. (2020). Volatile fragility: New employment forms and disrupted employment protection in the new economy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051531
Desdemoustier, J., Crutzen, N., & Giffinger, R. (2019). Municipalities’ understanding of the Smart City concept: An exploratory analysis in Belgium. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 142(November 2018), 129–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.10.029
Dinas Lingkungan Hidup. (2021). Laporan Akhir Kegiatan Pemantauan Kualitas Udara Provinsi DKI Jakarta Tahun 2021 (Vol. 1).
Dinas Lingkungan Hidup DKI Jakarta. (2019). Pelaporan Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca Provinsi DKI Jakarta.
Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Provinsi DKI Jakarta. (2019). Inventarisasi Profil Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca Provinsi DKI Jakarta.
Fanea-Ivanovici, M., & Pana, M. C. (2020). From Culture to Smart Culture. How Digital Transformations Enhance Citizens’ Well-Being through Better Cultural Accessibility and Inclusion. IEEE Access, 8, 37988–38000. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2975542
Genari, D., Da Costa, L. F., Savaris, T. P., & Macke, J. (2018). Smart Cities e o desenvolvimento sustetável: revisão e perspectivas de pesquisas futuras. Revista de Ciências Da Administração, 69–85. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8077.2018v20n51p69
Ghazinoory, S., & Aghaei, P. (2021). Differences between policy assessment & policy evaluation; a case study on supportive policies for knowledge-based firms. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 169(April), 120801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120801
Peraturan Gubernur DKI Jakarta No 90 Tahun 2021 Tentang RENCANA PEMBANGUNAN RENDAH KARBON DAERAH YANG BERKETAHANAN IKLIM DENGAN, 2019 9 (2021).
Gupta, P., Chauhan, S., & Jaiswal, M. P. (2019). Classification of Smart City Research - a Descriptive Literature Review and Future Research Agenda. Information Systems Frontiers, 661–685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-019-09911-3
Hartama, D., Mawengkang, H., Zarlis, M., Sembiring, R. W., Furqan, M., Abdullah, D., & Rahim, R. (2018). A research framework of disaster traffic management to Smart City. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Informatics and Computing, ICIC 2017, 2018-Janua, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/IAC.2017.8280607
Healy, J., Nicholson, D., & Peter Gahan, P. (2017). The Future of Work in Australia: Anticipating how new technologies will reshape labour markets, occupations and skill requirements. Education: Future Frontiers.
Huggins, R., & Thompson, P. (2015). Entrepreneurship, innovation and regional growth: a network theory. Small Business Economics, 45(1), 103–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9643-3
Kim, J. H. (2022). Smart city trends: A focus on 5 countries and 15 companies. Cities, 123(December 2020), 103551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103551
Kozlowski, W., & Suwar, K. (2021). Smart City: Definitions, Dimensions, and Initiatives. European Research Studies Journal, XXIV(Special Issue 3), 509–520. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/2442
Kuada, J. (2015). Entrepreneurship in Africa – a classificatory framework and a research agenda. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 6(2), 148–163. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-10-2014-0076
Kupiec, T., & Wojtowicz, D. (2022). “Quality of life†concept in Cohesion Policy evaluation in Poland, 2004–2020. Evaluation and Program Planning, 94(August), 102153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102153
Lee, J. H., Hancock, M. G., & Hu, M. C. (2014). Towards an effective framework for building smart cities: Lessons from Seoul and San Francisco. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 89, 80–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.08.033
Lee, S. W., Sarp, S., Jeon, D. J., & Kim, J. H. (2015). Smart water grid: the future water management platform. Desalination and Water Treatment, 55(2), 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.917887
Liu, J., Chen, N., Chen, Z., Xu, L., Du, W., Zhang, Y., & Wang, C. (2022). Towards sustainable smart cities: Maturity assessment and development pattern recognition in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 370(September 2021), 133248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133248
Mărcuţ, M. (2022). Redefining the Smart City within the European Digital Society. Romanian Journal of European Affairs, 22(1), 69–84.
Mundada, M., & Mukkamala, R. R. (2020). Smart cities for sustainability-an analytical perspective. Proceedings of the World Conference on Smart Trends in Systems, Security and Sustainability, WS4 2020, 770–775. https://doi.org/10.1109/WorldS450073.2020.9210379
Myeong, S., Park, J., & Lee, M. (2022). Research Models and Methodologies on the Smart City: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031687
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. In Pearson Education Limited (Vol. 30, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.2307/3211488
Nurlaela, N. (2022). Efektivitas Belajar Daring dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa SMA di Jakarta Selatan. SAP (Susunan Artikel Pendidikan), 6(3), 410–416. https://doi.org/10.30998/sap.v6i3.11155
Pemerintah Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta. (2020). Laporan Kinerja Provinsi DKI Jakarta Tahun 2020. https://ppid.jakarta.go.id/show/asset/LKIP-2020
Perra, V. M., Sdoukopoulos, A., & Pitsiava-Latinopoulou, M. (2017). Evaluation of sustainable urban mobility in the city of Thessaloniki. Transportation Research Procedia, 24(2016), 329–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.103
Prakash, A. (2019). Smart Cities Mission in India: some definitions and considerations. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 8(4), 322–337. https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-07-2018-0039
Rahman, S., Sumotarto, U., & Pramudito, H. (2018). Influence the condition land subsidence and groundwater impact of Jakarta coastal area. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 106(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/106/1/012006
Reza, I. F., & Azmi, I. F. (2021). Comparison of Technology, Human Resources, and Institutional Resources Perspectives: Cases of Jakarta Smart City. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 717(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/717/1/012029
Rifqi Noval, S. M. (2022). Evolusi Hak Pekerja Di Era Digital: Prawacana Right To Disconnect Di Indonesia. Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum, 6(2), 234–253. https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v6i2.637
Silk, M., Millington, B., Rich, E., & Bush, A. (2016). (Re-)thinking digital leisure. Leisure Studies, 35(6), 712–723. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2016.1240223
Syalianda, S. I., & Kusumastuti, R. D. (2021). Implementation of smart city concept: A case of Jakarta Smart City, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 716(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/716/1/012128
Trindade, E. (2017). Sustainable development of smart cities: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40852-017-0063-2
Visvizi, A., & Lytras, M. D. (2020). Sustainable smart cities and smart villages research: Rethinking security, safety, well-being, and happiness. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010215
Wang, J., Ren, Y., Shen, L., Liu, Z., Wu, Y., & Shi, F. (2020). A novel evaluation method for urban infrastructures carrying capacity. Cities, 105(June), 102846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102846
William N. Dunn. (2018). Public Policy Analysis An Integrated Approach Sixth Edition. In Taylor and Francis (Vol. 1, Issue 6).
Wu, W., Zhu, D., Liu, W., & Wu, C. H. (2022). Empirical research on smart city construction and public health under information and communications technology. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 80(August 2020), 100994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2020.100994
Yeh, H. (2017). The effects of successful ICT-based smart city services: From citizens’ perspectives. Government Information Quarterly, 34(3), 556–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2017.05.001
Yigitcanlar, T., Kamruzzaman, M., Foth, M., Sabatini-Marques, J., da Costa, E., & Ioppolo, G. (2019). Can cities become smart without being sustainable? A systematic review of the literature. Sustainable Cities and Society, 45(November 2018), 348–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.11.033
Yigitcanlar, T., Kankanamge, N., & Vella, K. (2021). How Are Smart City Concepts and Technologies Perceived and Utilized? A Systematic Geo-Twitter Analysis of Smart Cities in Australia. Journal of Urban Technology, 28(1–2), 135–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2020.1753483
Zakzak, L. (2019). Citizen - centric Smart City Development : The Case of Smart Dubai ’ s “ Happiness Agenda .†ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 7, 141–147.
Zhao, F., Fashola, O. I., Olarewaju, T. I., & Onwumere, I. (2021). Smart city research: A holistic and state-of-the-art literature review. Cities, 119(May 2020), 103406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103406
Zheng, C., Yuan, J., Zhu, L., Zhang, Y., & Shao, Q. (2020). From digital to sustainable: A scientometric review of smart city literature between 1990 and 2019. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258, 120689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120689
Zhu, H., Shen, L., & Ren, Y. (2022). How can smart city shape a happier life? The mechanism for developing a Happiness Driven Smart City. Sustainable Cities and Society, 80(September 2021), 103791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.103791
Published
2023-04-21
Section
Original Articles
Copyright (c) 2023 Dewi Yulia Anggraini, Roy Valiant Salomo
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