Pengaruh Merger dan Akuisisi Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Sektor Properti dan Real Estate di Indonesia
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji apakah terdapat perbedaan kinerja keuangan perusahaan sektor properti dan real estate di Indonesia antara sebelum dan sesudah melakukan merger dan akuisisi (M&A). Metode penelitian menggunakan perbandingan rasio keuangan antara tiga tahun sebelum M&A hingga tiga tahun setelah M&A. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 16 transaksi M&A pada periode 2009 sampai dengan 2020. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah paired sample t-Test. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terjadi peningkatan fixed asset turnover ratio (FATR) dan penurunan current asset turnover ratio (CATR) yang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah M&A. Peningkatan proporsi aset tetap terhadap total aset mempengaruhi peningkatan FATR pada perusahaan pengakuisisi. Rasio leverage mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan pada tahun ketiga setelah M&A, sementara rasio nilai pasar tidak menunjukan perbedaan yang signifikan antara sebelum dan setelah M&A. Mayoritas perusahaan pengakuisisi pada sektor properti dan real estate baru mengalami peningkatan return on equity (ROE) dan net profit margin (NPM) secara signifikan pada tahun ketiga setelah pelaksanaan M&A, sehingga perusahaan pengakuisisi perlu mengoptimalkan utilisasi aset, ekuitas, dan investasi pasca M&A untuk meningkatkan nilai pemegang saham.
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