Pengaruh Perceived Organizational Support Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Dengan Emotional Exhaustion dan Work-Family Conflict Sebagai Variabel Mediasi Pada Perawat di Rumah Sakit Rujukan Covid-19
Keywords:
Work-Family Conflict, Emotional Exhaustion, Perceived Organizational Support, Organizational, Citizenship Behavior, Perawat
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran mediasi emotional exhaustion dan work-family conflict dalam pengaruh antara perceived organizational support dan organizational citizenship behavior pada perawat di rumah sakit rujukan Covid-19. Memahami mekanisme masing-masing variabel dapat mendukung pengambilan keputusan mengenai penetapan tugas, penjadwalan, penyesuaian target, dan kebijakan pengaturan kerja. Pembaharuan penelitian ini adalah adanya faktor pandemi Covid-19 yang dapat menambah atau mengurangi pengaruh antar variabel yang diteliti. Model penelitian ini diuji menggunakan cross sectional response survey dengan sample 221 perawat yang bekerja di RS rujukan Covid-19 sebagai responden penelitian. Data penelitian diolah menggunakan software Lisrel 8.8 dengan teknik Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh positif yang signifikan antara perceived organizational support terhadap organizational citizenship behavior, dan pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap emotional exhaustion. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa emotional exhaustion memiliki efek mediasi yang signifikan terhadap pengaruh antara perceived organizational support dan organizational citizenship behavior. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa perilaku perawat untuk bekerja di luar deskripsi pekerjaan mereka secara sukarela akan meningkat jika mereka merasakan dukungan organisasi. Selain itu, rumah sakit juga perlu memperhatikan tingkat kelelahan emosional perawat karena hal ini juga dapat menjadi faktor pendorong peningkatan perilaku OCB.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Aamir, A., Hamid, A. B. A., Haider, M., dan Akhtar, C. S. (2016). Work-life balance, job satisfaction and nurses’ retention: moderating role of work volition. International Journal of Business Excellence, 10(4), 488.
Adalja AA, Toner E, Inglesby TV. (2020). Priorities for the US health community responding to COVID-19. JAMA.
Al Thobaity, A., dan Alshammari, F. (2020). Nurses on the Frontline against the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review. Dubai Medical Journal, 1–6
Allen, D. G., Hancock, J. I., Vardaman, J. M., dan McKee, D. N. (2014). Analytical mindsets in turnover research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35, S61–S86
Allen, D. G., Hancock, J. I., Vardaman, J. M., dan McKee, D. N. (2014). Analytical mindsets in turnover research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35, S61–S86
Arabi YM, Murthy S, Webb S. COVID-19. (2020) A novel coronavirus and a novel challenge for critical care. Intensive Care Med. 46(5):833–6.
R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.
Bianchi, R. (2018), Burnout is more strongly linked to neuroticism than to work-contextualized factors. Psychiatry Research, 270, 901-905.
Bolino, M.C. and Turnley, W.H. (2005), The personal cost of citizenship behavior: the relationship between individual initiative and role overload, job stress, and work-family conflict, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 90 No. 4, pp. 740-748.
Borasio GD, Gamondi C, Obrist M, Jox R. (2020). For the Covid-Task Force of palliative ch. COVID-19: decision making and palliative care. Swiss Med Wkly. 150(1314): w20233.
Bragger, J.D., Rodriguez-Srednicki, O., Kutcher, E.J., Indovino, L. and Rosner, E. (2005), Work-family conflict, work-family culture, and organizational citizenship behavior among teachers, Journal of Business and Psychology, Vol. 20 No. 2, pp. 303-324.
Bria, M., Spânu, F., Bəban, A., Dumitraşcu, D.L. (2014), Maslach burnout inventory general survey factorial validity and invariance among romanian health care professionals. Burnout Research, 1(3), 103-111
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., dan Williams, L. J. (2000). Construction and Initial Validation of a Multidimensional Measure of Work–Family Conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(2), 249–276.
Campbell, N. S., Perry, S. J., Maertz Jr, C. P., Allen, D. G., dan Griffeth, R. W. (2013). All you need is… resources: The effects of justice and support on burnout and turnover. Human Relations, 66(6), 759-782.
Casper WJ, Martin JA, Buffardi LC and Erdwins CJ (2002) Work–family conflict, perceived organ¬izational support, and organizational commitment among employed mothers. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 7(2): 99–108.
Cherniss, C. (1980a). Staff burnout: Job stress in the human services. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications,
Chiu, S.-F. and Tsai, M.-C. (2006), “Relationships among burnout, job involvement, and organizational citizenship behaviorâ€, The Journal of Psychology, Vol. 140 No. 6, pp. 517-30.
Corless IB, Nardi D, Milstead JA, Larson E, Nokes KM, Orsega S. (2018). Expanding nursing’s role in responding to global pandemics 5/14/2018. Nurs Outlook.; 66(4):412–5.
Cox, T., Thirlaway, M., dan Cox, S. (1984). Occupational well-being: sex differences at work. Ergonomics, 27(5), 499-510.
Dikominfo Kota Depok (2021). Wali Kota Depok Sampaikan Perkembangan Kasus Covid-19. 30 Maret 2021. https://berita.depok.go.id/pemerintahan/wali-kota-depok-sampaikan-perkembangan-kasus-covid-19-6137
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A.B., Vardakou, I., Kantas, A. (2003), The convergent validity of two burnout instruments. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 19(1), 12-23.
Eisenberger, R.; Huntington, R.; Hutchision, S.; Sowa, D. (1986) Perceived organizational support. J. Appl. Psychol., 71, 500–507
Eisenberger, R.; Armeli, S.; Rexwinkel, B.; Lynch, P.D.; Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of perceived organizational support. J. Appl. Psychol., 86, 42–51.
Eisenberger, R. and Stinglhamber, F. (2011), Perceived Organizational Support: Fostering Enthusiastic and Productive Employees, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
Emmerik, I.H.V., Jawahar, I.A. and Stone, T.H. (2005), Associations among altruism, burnout dimensions, and organizational citizenship behavior, Work and Stress, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 93-100.
Faragher, E. (2005). The relationship between job satisfaction and health: A meta-analysis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62, 105–112.
Fikri, A (2021). Keterisian ruang isolasi pasien Covid-19 Jawa Barat 70,83 Persen. 14 Maret 2021. https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1426629/ridwan-kamil-keterisian-ruang-isolasi-pasien-covid-19-jawa-barat-7083-persen
Foley S, Hang-Yue N and Lui S (2005) The effects of work stressors, perceived organizational support, and gender on work–family conflict in Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Journal of Management 22(3): 237–256.
Freudenberger, H.J. (1974), Staff burnâ€out. Social Issues, 30(1), 159-165.
Freudenberger, H.J. (1977), Speaking from experience. Training and Development Journal, 31(7), 26-28.
Fu, Y. and Lihua, Z. (2012), Organizational justice and perceived organizational support, Nankai Business Review International, Vol. 3 No. 2, pp. 145-166
G, P. (2021, June 17). Personal Interview
Gouldner, A.W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. Am. Sociol. Rev., 25, 161–178
Greenberg, J. (1990). Organizational justice: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Journal of management, 16(2), 399-432.
Greenhaus, J. H., dan Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 76–88
Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., dan Shaw, J. D. (2003). The relation between work–family balance and quality of life. Journal of vocational behavior, 63(3), 510-531.
Holland, P., Tham, T. L., Sheehan, C., dan Cooper, B. (2019). The impact of perceived workload on nurse satisfaction with work-life balance and intention to leave the occupation. Applied Nursing Research.
Hom, P. W., Lee, T. W., Shaw, J. D., dan Hausknecht, J. P. (2017). One hundred years of employee turnover theory and research. Journal of applied psychology, 102(3), 530.
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., dan Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The lancet, 395(10223), 497-506.
Humas FK UI. (2021). 83% Tenaga Kesehatan Indonesia mengalami Burnout Syndrome Derajat Sedang dan Berat selama masa Pandemi Covid-19.
Jatmiko, Agung. (2020). Mobilitas Tinggi dan Padat Penduduk, 3 Provinsi Paling Rentan Corona.
Jin, M. H., dan McDonald, B. (2016). Understanding Employee Engagement in the Public Sector: The Role of Immediate Supervisor, Perceived Organizational Support, and Learning Opportunities. The American Review of Public Administration, 47(8), 881–897.
Karami A, Farokhzadian J, Foroughameri G. (2017). Nurses’ professional competency and organizational commitment: Is it important for human resource management? PloSOne.;12(11)
Klotz, A. C., Bolino, M. C., Song, H., dan Stornelli, J. (2017). Examining the nature, causes, and consequences of profiles of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(5), 629–647. doi:10.1002/job.2259
L, D. (2021, June 17). Personal Interview
Liang, Y. (2012). The relationships among work values, burnout, and organizational citizenship behaviors. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 24(2), 251–268.
Lu, Y., Hu, X., Huang, X., Zhuang, X., Guo, P., Feng, L., Hu, W., Chen, L., Zou, H., dan Hao, Y. (2017). The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction, Work Stress, Work-Family Conflict, and Turnover Intention among Physicians in Guangdong, China: a Cross-Sectional Study. BMJ Open, 7(5)
Lubbadeh, T. (2020). Job burnout: a general literature review. Int Rev Manag Mark, 10, 7-15.
Marks, S. R. (1977). Multiple roles and role strain: Some notes on human energy, time, and commitment. American Sociological Review, 42(6), 921–936
Marks, S. R., dan MacDermid, S. M. (1996). Multiple roles and the self: A theory of role balance. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(2), 417–432.
Maslach. C dan Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational behavior, 2, 99-113
Maslach, C. (1982b). Understanding burnout: Definitional issues in analyzing a complex phenomenon. In W. 5. Paine (Ed.). Job stress and burnout: Research, theory, and intervention perspectives. Beverly Hills: Sage Focus Editions, 29-40
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. (1984), Burnout in organization settings. Applied Social Psychology Annual, 5(1), 133-153.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., dan Leiter, M. P. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory manual (3rd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., dan Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. In S. T. Fiske, D. L. Schacter, dan C. Zahn-Waxler (Eds.), Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397– 422
Maslach, C., Leiter, M.P. (2008), Early predictors of job burnout and engagement. Applied Psychology, 93(3), 498-512
Maslach, C., Leiter, M.P., Jackson, S.E. (2012), Making a significant difference with burnout interventions: Researcher and practitioner collaboration. Organizational Behavior, 33(2), 296-300.
Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., dan Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee–organizational linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. New York: Academic Press
Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., dan McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work–family conflict and family–work conflict scales. Journal of applied psychology, 81(4), 400.
Organ DW, Podsakoff P, MacKenzie S. (2006). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences. Sage Publ.
Paillé, P. (2013). Organizational citizenship behaviour and employee retention: how important are turnover cognitions? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(4), 768-790.
Pines, A.M., Aronson, E. (1988), Career Burnout: Causes and Cures. Mumbai: Free Press
Podsakoff, P.M., Mackenzie, S.B., Paine, J.B. and Bachrach, D.G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviours: a critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research, Journal of Management, 26 (3): 513-563.
Podsakoff, N. P., Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Maynes, T. D., dan Spoelma, T. M. (2014). Consequences of unitâ€level organizational citizenship behaviors: A review and recommendations for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35, S87–S119.
Pusat Informasi dan Koordinasi COVID-19 Jawa Barat (2021). Data kasus Covid-19 Jawa Barat (Public Version).
Pusdatin.Kemenkes.go.id. (2017). Situasi tenaga keperawatan Indonesia. 23 Maret 2021.
Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., dan Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: the contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of applied psychology, 86(5), 825.
Rhoades, L., and Eisenberger, R., (2002). Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (4), 698–714.
Sabine Pohl, Adalgisa Battistelli, Julien Librecht, (2013) The impact of perceived organizational support and job characteristics on nurses’ organizational citizenship behaviours, International Journal of Organization Theory dan Behavior, Vol. 16 Issue: 2, pp.193-207
Satuan Tugas Penanganan Covid19 (2021). Peta Sebaran Covid-19. 13 Maret 2021.
Shanafelt, T., Goh, J., Sinsky, C. (2017), The business case for investing in physician well-being. JAMA Internal Medicine, 177(12), 1826-1832.
Schaufeli, W.B., Leiter, M.P., Maslach, C. and Jackson, S.E. (1996), The Maslach burnout inventory: general survey (MBI-GS)â€, in Maslach, C., Jackson, S.E. and Leiter, M.P. (Eds), Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual, 3rd ed., Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, pp. 19-26.
Schaufeli, W.B., Buunk, B.P. (2003), Burnout: An overview of 25 years of research and theorizing. In: Schabracq, M.J., Winnubst, J.A.M., Cooper, C.L., editors. The Handbook of Work and Health Psychology. 2nd ed. New Jersey, United States: Wiley. p383-425
Schaufeli, W.B., Leiter, M.P., Maslach, C. (2009), Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. Career Development International, 14(3), 204-220
Schaufeli, W.B. (2017), Burnout: A short socio-cultural history. In: Necke, S., Schaffner, A.K., Wagner, G., editors. Burnout, Fatigue, Exhaustion. Basel, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. p105-127
Surienty, L., Ramayah, T., Lo, M.-C., dan Tarmizi, A. N. (2014). Quality of work life and turnover intention: A partial least square (PLS) approach. Social Indicators Research, 119(1), 405–420
Shore, L. M., Barksdale, K., dan Shore, T. H. (1995). Managerial perceptions of employee commitment to the organization. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1593– 1615
Simosi, M. (2012), Disentangling organizational support construct, Personnel Review, Vol. 41 No. 3, pp. 301-320.
Valcour, M. (2016), Beating burnout. Harvard Business Review, 94(11), 98-102.
Van Knippenberg, D., van Prooijen, J.-W., dan Sleebos, E. (2013). Beyond social exchange: Collectivism’s moderating role in the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behaviour. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24(1), 152–160.
Wang, I. A., Lee, B. W., dan Wu, S. T. (2017). The relationships among work-family conflict, turnover intention, and organizational citizenship behavior in the hospitality industry of Taiwan. International Journal of Manpower.
Yucel, C. (2008), Teacher burnout and organizational citizenship behavior in Turkish elementary schools, Educational Planning, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 27-43.
Zeng X, Zhang X, Chen M, Liu J and Wu C. (2019). The Influence of Perceived Organizational Support on Police Job Burnout: A Moderated Mediation Model. Front. Psychol. 11:948.
Zhang, M., Griffeth, R.W. and Fried, D.D. (2012), Work-family conflict and individual consequences, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 27 No. 7, pp. 696-713.
Zhao, X., Lynch Jr, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of consumer research, 37(2), 197-206
Adalja AA, Toner E, Inglesby TV. (2020). Priorities for the US health community responding to COVID-19. JAMA.
Al Thobaity, A., dan Alshammari, F. (2020). Nurses on the Frontline against the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review. Dubai Medical Journal, 1–6
Allen, D. G., Hancock, J. I., Vardaman, J. M., dan McKee, D. N. (2014). Analytical mindsets in turnover research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35, S61–S86
Allen, D. G., Hancock, J. I., Vardaman, J. M., dan McKee, D. N. (2014). Analytical mindsets in turnover research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35, S61–S86
Arabi YM, Murthy S, Webb S. COVID-19. (2020) A novel coronavirus and a novel challenge for critical care. Intensive Care Med. 46(5):833–6.
R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.
Bianchi, R. (2018), Burnout is more strongly linked to neuroticism than to work-contextualized factors. Psychiatry Research, 270, 901-905.
Bolino, M.C. and Turnley, W.H. (2005), The personal cost of citizenship behavior: the relationship between individual initiative and role overload, job stress, and work-family conflict, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 90 No. 4, pp. 740-748.
Borasio GD, Gamondi C, Obrist M, Jox R. (2020). For the Covid-Task Force of palliative ch. COVID-19: decision making and palliative care. Swiss Med Wkly. 150(1314): w20233.
Bragger, J.D., Rodriguez-Srednicki, O., Kutcher, E.J., Indovino, L. and Rosner, E. (2005), Work-family conflict, work-family culture, and organizational citizenship behavior among teachers, Journal of Business and Psychology, Vol. 20 No. 2, pp. 303-324.
Bria, M., Spânu, F., Bəban, A., Dumitraşcu, D.L. (2014), Maslach burnout inventory general survey factorial validity and invariance among romanian health care professionals. Burnout Research, 1(3), 103-111
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., dan Williams, L. J. (2000). Construction and Initial Validation of a Multidimensional Measure of Work–Family Conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(2), 249–276.
Campbell, N. S., Perry, S. J., Maertz Jr, C. P., Allen, D. G., dan Griffeth, R. W. (2013). All you need is… resources: The effects of justice and support on burnout and turnover. Human Relations, 66(6), 759-782.
Casper WJ, Martin JA, Buffardi LC and Erdwins CJ (2002) Work–family conflict, perceived organ¬izational support, and organizational commitment among employed mothers. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 7(2): 99–108.
Cherniss, C. (1980a). Staff burnout: Job stress in the human services. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications,
Chiu, S.-F. and Tsai, M.-C. (2006), “Relationships among burnout, job involvement, and organizational citizenship behaviorâ€, The Journal of Psychology, Vol. 140 No. 6, pp. 517-30.
Corless IB, Nardi D, Milstead JA, Larson E, Nokes KM, Orsega S. (2018). Expanding nursing’s role in responding to global pandemics 5/14/2018. Nurs Outlook.; 66(4):412–5.
Cox, T., Thirlaway, M., dan Cox, S. (1984). Occupational well-being: sex differences at work. Ergonomics, 27(5), 499-510.
Dikominfo Kota Depok (2021). Wali Kota Depok Sampaikan Perkembangan Kasus Covid-19. 30 Maret 2021. https://berita.depok.go.id/pemerintahan/wali-kota-depok-sampaikan-perkembangan-kasus-covid-19-6137
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A.B., Vardakou, I., Kantas, A. (2003), The convergent validity of two burnout instruments. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 19(1), 12-23.
Eisenberger, R.; Huntington, R.; Hutchision, S.; Sowa, D. (1986) Perceived organizational support. J. Appl. Psychol., 71, 500–507
Eisenberger, R.; Armeli, S.; Rexwinkel, B.; Lynch, P.D.; Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of perceived organizational support. J. Appl. Psychol., 86, 42–51.
Eisenberger, R. and Stinglhamber, F. (2011), Perceived Organizational Support: Fostering Enthusiastic and Productive Employees, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
Emmerik, I.H.V., Jawahar, I.A. and Stone, T.H. (2005), Associations among altruism, burnout dimensions, and organizational citizenship behavior, Work and Stress, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 93-100.
Faragher, E. (2005). The relationship between job satisfaction and health: A meta-analysis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62, 105–112.
Fikri, A (2021). Keterisian ruang isolasi pasien Covid-19 Jawa Barat 70,83 Persen. 14 Maret 2021. https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1426629/ridwan-kamil-keterisian-ruang-isolasi-pasien-covid-19-jawa-barat-7083-persen
Foley S, Hang-Yue N and Lui S (2005) The effects of work stressors, perceived organizational support, and gender on work–family conflict in Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Journal of Management 22(3): 237–256.
Freudenberger, H.J. (1974), Staff burnâ€out. Social Issues, 30(1), 159-165.
Freudenberger, H.J. (1977), Speaking from experience. Training and Development Journal, 31(7), 26-28.
Fu, Y. and Lihua, Z. (2012), Organizational justice and perceived organizational support, Nankai Business Review International, Vol. 3 No. 2, pp. 145-166
G, P. (2021, June 17). Personal Interview
Gouldner, A.W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. Am. Sociol. Rev., 25, 161–178
Greenberg, J. (1990). Organizational justice: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Journal of management, 16(2), 399-432.
Greenhaus, J. H., dan Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 76–88
Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., dan Shaw, J. D. (2003). The relation between work–family balance and quality of life. Journal of vocational behavior, 63(3), 510-531.
Holland, P., Tham, T. L., Sheehan, C., dan Cooper, B. (2019). The impact of perceived workload on nurse satisfaction with work-life balance and intention to leave the occupation. Applied Nursing Research.
Hom, P. W., Lee, T. W., Shaw, J. D., dan Hausknecht, J. P. (2017). One hundred years of employee turnover theory and research. Journal of applied psychology, 102(3), 530.
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., dan Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The lancet, 395(10223), 497-506.
Humas FK UI. (2021). 83% Tenaga Kesehatan Indonesia mengalami Burnout Syndrome Derajat Sedang dan Berat selama masa Pandemi Covid-19.
Jatmiko, Agung. (2020). Mobilitas Tinggi dan Padat Penduduk, 3 Provinsi Paling Rentan Corona.
Jin, M. H., dan McDonald, B. (2016). Understanding Employee Engagement in the Public Sector: The Role of Immediate Supervisor, Perceived Organizational Support, and Learning Opportunities. The American Review of Public Administration, 47(8), 881–897.
Karami A, Farokhzadian J, Foroughameri G. (2017). Nurses’ professional competency and organizational commitment: Is it important for human resource management? PloSOne.;12(11)
Klotz, A. C., Bolino, M. C., Song, H., dan Stornelli, J. (2017). Examining the nature, causes, and consequences of profiles of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(5), 629–647. doi:10.1002/job.2259
L, D. (2021, June 17). Personal Interview
Liang, Y. (2012). The relationships among work values, burnout, and organizational citizenship behaviors. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 24(2), 251–268.
Lu, Y., Hu, X., Huang, X., Zhuang, X., Guo, P., Feng, L., Hu, W., Chen, L., Zou, H., dan Hao, Y. (2017). The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction, Work Stress, Work-Family Conflict, and Turnover Intention among Physicians in Guangdong, China: a Cross-Sectional Study. BMJ Open, 7(5)
Lubbadeh, T. (2020). Job burnout: a general literature review. Int Rev Manag Mark, 10, 7-15.
Marks, S. R. (1977). Multiple roles and role strain: Some notes on human energy, time, and commitment. American Sociological Review, 42(6), 921–936
Marks, S. R., dan MacDermid, S. M. (1996). Multiple roles and the self: A theory of role balance. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(2), 417–432.
Maslach. C dan Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational behavior, 2, 99-113
Maslach, C. (1982b). Understanding burnout: Definitional issues in analyzing a complex phenomenon. In W. 5. Paine (Ed.). Job stress and burnout: Research, theory, and intervention perspectives. Beverly Hills: Sage Focus Editions, 29-40
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. (1984), Burnout in organization settings. Applied Social Psychology Annual, 5(1), 133-153.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., dan Leiter, M. P. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory manual (3rd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., dan Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. In S. T. Fiske, D. L. Schacter, dan C. Zahn-Waxler (Eds.), Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397– 422
Maslach, C., Leiter, M.P. (2008), Early predictors of job burnout and engagement. Applied Psychology, 93(3), 498-512
Maslach, C., Leiter, M.P., Jackson, S.E. (2012), Making a significant difference with burnout interventions: Researcher and practitioner collaboration. Organizational Behavior, 33(2), 296-300.
Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., dan Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee–organizational linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. New York: Academic Press
Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., dan McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work–family conflict and family–work conflict scales. Journal of applied psychology, 81(4), 400.
Organ DW, Podsakoff P, MacKenzie S. (2006). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences. Sage Publ.
Paillé, P. (2013). Organizational citizenship behaviour and employee retention: how important are turnover cognitions? The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(4), 768-790.
Pines, A.M., Aronson, E. (1988), Career Burnout: Causes and Cures. Mumbai: Free Press
Podsakoff, P.M., Mackenzie, S.B., Paine, J.B. and Bachrach, D.G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviours: a critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research, Journal of Management, 26 (3): 513-563.
Podsakoff, N. P., Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Maynes, T. D., dan Spoelma, T. M. (2014). Consequences of unitâ€level organizational citizenship behaviors: A review and recommendations for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35, S87–S119.
Pusat Informasi dan Koordinasi COVID-19 Jawa Barat (2021). Data kasus Covid-19 Jawa Barat (Public Version).
Pusdatin.Kemenkes.go.id. (2017). Situasi tenaga keperawatan Indonesia. 23 Maret 2021.
Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., dan Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: the contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of applied psychology, 86(5), 825.
Rhoades, L., and Eisenberger, R., (2002). Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (4), 698–714.
Sabine Pohl, Adalgisa Battistelli, Julien Librecht, (2013) The impact of perceived organizational support and job characteristics on nurses’ organizational citizenship behaviours, International Journal of Organization Theory dan Behavior, Vol. 16 Issue: 2, pp.193-207
Satuan Tugas Penanganan Covid19 (2021). Peta Sebaran Covid-19. 13 Maret 2021.
Shanafelt, T., Goh, J., Sinsky, C. (2017), The business case for investing in physician well-being. JAMA Internal Medicine, 177(12), 1826-1832.
Schaufeli, W.B., Leiter, M.P., Maslach, C. and Jackson, S.E. (1996), The Maslach burnout inventory: general survey (MBI-GS)â€, in Maslach, C., Jackson, S.E. and Leiter, M.P. (Eds), Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual, 3rd ed., Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, pp. 19-26.
Schaufeli, W.B., Buunk, B.P. (2003), Burnout: An overview of 25 years of research and theorizing. In: Schabracq, M.J., Winnubst, J.A.M., Cooper, C.L., editors. The Handbook of Work and Health Psychology. 2nd ed. New Jersey, United States: Wiley. p383-425
Schaufeli, W.B., Leiter, M.P., Maslach, C. (2009), Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. Career Development International, 14(3), 204-220
Schaufeli, W.B. (2017), Burnout: A short socio-cultural history. In: Necke, S., Schaffner, A.K., Wagner, G., editors. Burnout, Fatigue, Exhaustion. Basel, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. p105-127
Surienty, L., Ramayah, T., Lo, M.-C., dan Tarmizi, A. N. (2014). Quality of work life and turnover intention: A partial least square (PLS) approach. Social Indicators Research, 119(1), 405–420
Shore, L. M., Barksdale, K., dan Shore, T. H. (1995). Managerial perceptions of employee commitment to the organization. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1593– 1615
Simosi, M. (2012), Disentangling organizational support construct, Personnel Review, Vol. 41 No. 3, pp. 301-320.
Valcour, M. (2016), Beating burnout. Harvard Business Review, 94(11), 98-102.
Van Knippenberg, D., van Prooijen, J.-W., dan Sleebos, E. (2013). Beyond social exchange: Collectivism’s moderating role in the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behaviour. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24(1), 152–160.
Wang, I. A., Lee, B. W., dan Wu, S. T. (2017). The relationships among work-family conflict, turnover intention, and organizational citizenship behavior in the hospitality industry of Taiwan. International Journal of Manpower.
Yucel, C. (2008), Teacher burnout and organizational citizenship behavior in Turkish elementary schools, Educational Planning, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 27-43.
Zeng X, Zhang X, Chen M, Liu J and Wu C. (2019). The Influence of Perceived Organizational Support on Police Job Burnout: A Moderated Mediation Model. Front. Psychol. 11:948.
Zhang, M., Griffeth, R.W. and Fried, D.D. (2012), Work-family conflict and individual consequences, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 27 No. 7, pp. 696-713.
Zhao, X., Lynch Jr, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of consumer research, 37(2), 197-206
Published
2023-12-30
Section
Original Articles
Copyright (c) 2023 Patrick Pardede
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
