Studi Komparatif Sifat Mekanik dan Mikrostruktur Bata di Wilayah Sumatera Utara Bagian Timur
Keywords:
Bata Merah, Kuat Tekan, Mikrostruktur
Abstract
Bata merah merupakan salah satu material bangunan tradisional yang masih banyak digunakan di wilayah Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan studi komparatif terhadap sifat mekanik dan mikrostruktur bata merah yang diproduksi di tiga kabupaten, yakni Deli Serdang, Serdang Bedagai, dan Langkat. Analisis dilakukan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana variasi lokasi geografis dan proses produksi memengaruhi kualitas fisik dan struktur internal bata. Metodologi penelitian meliputi pengambilan sampel dari 15 produsen lokal, uji kuat tekan menggunakan Universal Testing Machine (UTM), serta karakterisasi mikrostruktur dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) dan Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan pada nilai kuat tekan dan karakteristik mikrostruktur antar daerah. Bata dari Deli Serdang umumnya menunjukkan kekuatan tekan lebih tinggi dengan mikrostruktur lebih homogen dan porositas rendah, dibandingkan dengan Serdang Bedagai dan Langkat. Variasi komposisi mineral, teknik pembakaran, dan kualitas bahan baku lokal menjadi faktor utama penyebab perbedaan tersebut. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan proses produksi dan standardisasi kualitas bata lokal berdasarkan parameter mekanik dan mikrostruktur, guna mendukung pembangunan yang lebih aman dan berkelanjutan di wilayah Sumatera Utara.
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References
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Tremiño, R.M. et al. (2022) ‘Microstructure and mechanical properties of ternary mortars with brick powder, glass powder, slag, fly ash, and limestone’, International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 19(4), pp. 2135–2147.
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Yamina Omri, I. et al. (no date) Laboratory evaluation of alkali-activated materials modified with mulit-colors glass and brick wastes on mechanical, durability, and microstructure characteristics of ultra high-performance paste.
Yaseen, M.H. et al. (2024) ‘Mechanical properties and microstructure of roller compacted concrete incorporating brick powder, glass powder, and steel slag’, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 33(1).
Yuliana, K. and Mulya, E.S. (2024) Karakteristik Sifat Fisik Dan Mekanik Batu Bata Ringan Jenis Aac Dengan Subtitusi Limbah Keramik, Agustus.
Zakia, Z. et al. (2021) ‘Economic Feasibility Study on The Development of Irrigation Channels’, International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology, 2(1), pp. 131–138.
Asnan, M.N. and Dumendehe, T.D. (no date) Mt-17 Pemeriksaan Kuat Tekan Bata Ringan Di Kota Samarinda Dengan Benda Uji Kubus.
Boukour, S., Bouteldja, F. and Bensaifi, E. (2022) ‘Development of Eco-Friendly Mortars Produced with Blast Furnace Slag, Calcined Eggshell and Brick Waste: Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure Assessment’, Annales de Chimie: Science des Materiaux, 46(5), pp. 235–245.
Candra, A.I., Romadhon, F. and Azhari, F.M. (2022) ‘Pendampingan Peningkatan Kualitas Batu Bata Dengan Limbah Sekam Padi Dan Fly Ash Dalam Pembuatan Bata Merah Di Desa Gambirejo Tanjunganom Nganjuk’, Jurnal Ilmiah Pangabdhi, 8(1), pp. 34–38.
Chardova, A. et al. (no date) Pemanfaatan Fly Ash Sebagai Bahan Alternatif Pada Bata Beton Untuk meningkatkan Peredaman Panas.
Dachowski, R. and Stepien, A. (2023) ‘Effect of Organic Compounds on the Special Properties and the Microstructure of Autoclaved Brick’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4).
Eka Nurus Sakinah, I Nyoman Dita Pahang Putra and Anna Rumintang (2021) ‘Analisis Kelayakan Ekonomi Pada Pembangunan Perkantoran Tower Poros Maritim Surabaya’, PADURAKSA: Jurnal Teknik Sipil Universitas Warmadewa, 10(2), pp. 224–231.
Fan, J., Wang, Z. and Li, G. (2021) ‘Preparation, properties and microstructure of non-calcination rock powder brick with orthogonal experiments’, Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11(21).
Handoko, D. and Pujarianto, P. (2024) ‘Pengaruh Komposisi Pasir Kuarsa Terhadap Sifat Bata Tahan Api (Firebrick) Berbahan Kaolin Dan Fly Ash’, Jurnal Mesin Nusantara, 7(1), pp. 113–125.
Hanggara, I. and Irvani, H. (2019) ‘Analisa Kelayakan Teknis dan Ekonomi Embung Putukrejo Kabupaten Malang’, Reka Buana?: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia, 4(1), p. 30.
Ibrahim, A. (2022) Studi Karakteristik Bata Ringan di Kota Makassar, Journal of Applied Civil and Environmental Engineering.
Jing, D., Meng, L., Zhou, B., et al. (2023) ‘Effect of the Ti volume fraction on microstructure and mechanical properties of brick-and-mortar structure Ti/Al3Ti metal-intermetallic laminate composites’, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 26, pp. 2643–2654.
Jing, D., Meng, L., Xu, J., et al. (2023) ‘Microstructure and mechanical properties of highly biomimetic brick-and-mortar structure Ti6Al4V/Al3Ti metal-intermetallic laminate composite’, Materials and Design, 233.
Judul, H. (no date) Tugas Akhir Penambahan Fly Ash Pada Pembuatan Bata Press Sekam Padi Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Aspek Teknis, Biaya Produksi, Serta Redaman Panas (The Addition Of Fly Ash In The Rice Husk Pressed Brick Manufacturing And Its Effect On Technical Aspect, Production Cost And Heat Reduction).
Kostrzewa-Demczuk, P. et al. (2023) ‘Influence of Waste Basalt Powder Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Autoclave Brick’, Materials, 16(2).
Liu, W. et al. (2025) ‘Innovative development, microstructure and hydration characteristics of recycled brick powder-circulating fluidized bed fly ash-based earthwork subgrade backfill’, Case Studies in Construction Materials, 22.
Muhamad, M., Hamzah, F.M. and Ismail, N. (2022) ‘Mechanical Properties and Internal Microstructure of Concrete Brick with Addition of Effective Microorganisms’, Recent Trends in Civil Engineering and Built Environment, 3(1), pp. 965–975.
Nandipati, S. et al. (2023) ‘Potential Use of Sustainable Industrial Waste Byproducts in Fired and Unfired Brick Production’, Advances in Civil Engineering, 2023.
Ngo, T.-M. et al. (2023) ‘Strength development and microstructure evaluation of cement mortar incorporating various waste red brick powder’, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1289(1), p. 012066.
Olofinnade, O. and Ogara, J. (2021) ‘Workability, strength, and microstructure of high strength sustainable concrete incorporating recycled clay brick aggregate and calcined clay’, Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 3.
Penelitian, L. et al. (2024) ‘Pengaruh Subtitusi Limbah Batu Bata Pada Mortar Geopolimer Berbasis Fly Ash’, Ensiklopedia of Journal, 6.
Rafrita, F.K., Anwar, S.N.R. and Umniati, B.S. (2023) ‘Sifat Mekanik Bata Ringan Geopolimer Berdasarkan Rasio Si/AL’, Bentang?: Jurnal Teoritis dan Terapan Bidang Rekayasa Sipil, 11(2), pp. 179–188.
Rini Rahmayanti, Bahar, F.F. and Nuklirullah, M. (2023) ‘Pemanfaatan dan Pengaruh Fly Ash Batu Bara Sebagai Substitusi Sebagian Semen Terhadap Nilai Kuat Tekan Bata Ringan Jenis Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC)’, Siklus?: Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 9(2), pp. 218–228.
Saleh, S.M., Anggraini, R. and Zubir (2016) ‘Analisis Kelayakan Ekonomi pada Proyek Pembangunan Jalan Alternatif di Kota Idi Provinsi Aceh’, Universitas Syiah Kuala, 5 No 2, pp. 201–210.
Sharmin, S. et al. (2024) ‘Characterization of waste clay brick powder and its effect on the mechanical properties and microstructure of geopolymer mortar’, Construction and Building Materials, 412.
Shi, J. et al. (2023) ‘Comparative study on material properties of ancient fired clay bricks of China’, Case Studies in Construction Materials, 19.
Sifat Fisik Dan Mekanik Bata Ringan Ulc Ultra, T., Sandra Devi, R. and Eniarti, M. (no date) "Pengaruh Variasi Proporsi Katalis Dan Aktivator.
Syahrul, S. and Amir, A. (2024) ‘Efektifitas Pemanfaatan Material Terbuang Fly Ash Komposisi Bahan Tambah Pengikat Bata Beton’, 27(1), p. 28.
Tremiño, R.M. et al. (2022) ‘Microstructure and mechanical properties of ternary mortars with brick powder, glass powder, slag, fly ash, and limestone’, International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 19(4), pp. 2135–2147.
Wang, T. et al. (2024) ‘Study on the mechanical properties and microstructure of recycled brick aggregate concrete with waste fiber’, Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, 63(1).
Wei, Y. et al. (no date) Preparation of Vegetative Concrete with Recycled Brick Aggregate: Mix Proportion Orthogonal Test, Curing Methods, and Microstructure.
Wijerathne, W.D.C.C., Samaraweera, R.L. and Rajapaksha, R.P.T.N. (2024) ‘Physicochemical Properties of a Brick Made from Clay Brick Waste/Cement/Rice Husk Ash – Insights from the Microstructure and FTIR Analyses’, in, pp. 82–88.
Yamina Omri, I. et al. (no date) Laboratory evaluation of alkali-activated materials modified with mulit-colors glass and brick wastes on mechanical, durability, and microstructure characteristics of ultra high-performance paste.
Yaseen, M.H. et al. (2024) ‘Mechanical properties and microstructure of roller compacted concrete incorporating brick powder, glass powder, and steel slag’, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 33(1).
Yuliana, K. and Mulya, E.S. (2024) Karakteristik Sifat Fisik Dan Mekanik Batu Bata Ringan Jenis Aac Dengan Subtitusi Limbah Keramik, Agustus.
Zakia, Z. et al. (2021) ‘Economic Feasibility Study on The Development of Irrigation Channels’, International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology, 2(1), pp. 131–138.
Published
2025-07-07
Section
Original Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Devi Fahreza, Nursyamsi Nursyamsi, Johannes Tarigan
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