Penapisan Senyawa Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Bidara (Ziziphus Mauritiana)
Keywords:
Ziziphus mauritiana, phytochemical screening, flavonoids, antioxidants, DPPH, IC??
Abstract
Ziziphus mauritiana leaves have traditionally been used to treat various ailments, particularly those related to inflammation and infection. This therapeutic potential is presumed to be associated with its content of bioactive compounds exhibiting antioxidant activity. This study aimed to identify secondary metabolites and evaluate the antioxidant activity of Z. mauritiana leaf extract. Phytochemical screening was conducted using specific reagent methods, while antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The results revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, and saponins, with saponins being the most abundant (89.8%). The extract also showed considerable levels of flavonoids (12.8%) and phenolics (9.72%), contributing to its antioxidant potential. The DPPH assay indicated a concentration-dependent increase in inhibition, with an IC?? value of 92.58 g/mL, suggesting moderate to strong antioxidant activity. These findings highlight the potential of Z. mauritiana leaf extract as a natural source of bioactive compounds for the development of phytopharmaceutical products.
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References
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Sparg, S. G., Light, M. E., & Van Staden, J. (2004). Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 94(23), 219243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.05.016
Zhao, C. P., Chen, G. Y., Wang, Y., Chen, H., Yu, J. W., & Yang, F. Q. (2021). Evaluation of enzyme inhibitory activity of flavonoids by polydopamine-modified hollow fiber-immobilized xanthine oxidase. Molecules, 26(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133931
Alydrus, L. N., Gama, S. I., & Rijai, L. (2023). Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana) terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences, 17, 3843. https://doi.org/10.25026/mpc.v17i1.688
Ardinimia, S. D., Putri, A. F., Ramanda, Y. M., Putri, N., Dzakiyyah, H., Gianni, P., Surabaya, U. N., & Ketintang, J. (2023). REVIEW?: BIOAKTIVITAS DAUN BIDARA ( Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk .). Indonesian Chemistry and Application Journal, 6(2), 918.
Berg, J. M., Stryer, L., Tymoczko, J. L., & Gatto, G. J. (2015). Biochemistry. Macmillan Learning.
Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., & Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 28(1), 2530. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5
Chaudhary, P., Janmeda, P., Docea, A. O., Yeskaliyeva, B., Abdull Razis, A. F., Modu, B., Calina, D., & Sharifi-Rad, J. (2023). Oxidative stress, free radicals and antioxidants: potential crosstalk in the pathophysiology of human diseases. Frontiers in Chemistry, 11(May), 124. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1158198
Chen, J., Liu, X., Li, Z., Qi, A., Yao, P., Zhou, Z., Dong, T. T. X., & Tsim, K. W. K. (2017). A Review of dietary ziziphus jujuba fruit (Jujube): Developing health food supplements for brain protection. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3019568
Chung, K. T., Wong, T. Y., Wei, C. I., Huang, Y. W., & Lin, Y. (1998). Tannins and human health: A review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 38(6), 421464. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408699891274273
Elmaidomy, A. H., El Zawily, A., Salem, A. K., Altemani, F. H., Algehainy, N. A., Altemani, A. H., Rateb, M. E., Abdelmohsen, U. R., & Shady, N. H. (2023). New cytotoxic dammarane type saponins from Ziziphus spina-christi. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 116. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46841-2
Fadiya, F., & Fadila, S. (2025). ORIGINAL ARTICLE The Potential Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract Combination from Ziziphus mauritiana L ., Ocimum basilicum Linn ., and Peperomia pellucida L . Kunth Against Staphylococcus Aureus Potensi Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Kombin. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 8(2), 653663.
Fraga-Corral, M., Otero, P., Cassani, L., Echave, J., Garcia-Oliveira, P., Carpena, M., Chamorro, F., Lourenηo-Lopes, C., Prieto, M. A., & Simal-Gandara, J. (2021). Traditional applications of tannin rich extracts supported by scientific data: Chemical composition, bioavailability and bioaccessibility. Foods, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10020251
Javed, M., Bibi, R., Nazir, K., & Hussain, S. (2022). Phytochemistry of Ziziphus Mauritiana; its Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential. Advancements in Life Sciences, 9(2), 157162.
Kang, H., & Kim, B. (2023). Bioactive Compounds as Inhibitors of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysfunctions via Regulation of Cellular Redox Balance and Histone Acetylation State. Foods, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12050925
Kaurinovic, B., & Vastag, D. (2019). Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids as Potential Natural Antioxidants. In IntechOpen (Vol. 11, Issue tourism, p. 13). https://www.intechopen.com/books/advanced-biometric-technologies/liveness-detection-in-biometrics
Mahajan, S. S., Chaudhari, Y. R., Patil, V. P., & Shaikh, T. Y. (2021). Pharmacological and phytochemical profile of Ziziphus mauritiana: A comprehensive review. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 139(111610), 123. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.12(3).1367-80
Rompegading, A. B., & Sapitri, I. (2024). Literature Study?: Chemical Content and Benefits of Bidara Leaves ( Ziziphus Muritiana ) as an Indonesian Herbal. Hayyan Journal, 1(1), 814.
Sharifi-Rad, M., Anil Kumar, N. V., Zucca, P., Varoni, E. M., Dini, L., Panzarini, E., Rajkovic, J., Tsouh Fokou, P. V., Azzini, E., Peluso, I., Prakash Mishra, A., Nigam, M., El Rayess, Y., Beyrouthy, M. El, Polito, L., Iriti, M., Martins, N., Martorell, M., Docea, A. O., Sharifi-Rad, J. (2020). Lifestyle, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Diseases. Frontiers in Physiology, 11(July), 121. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00694
Sparg, S. G., Light, M. E., & Van Staden, J. (2004). Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 94(23), 219243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.05.016
Zhao, C. P., Chen, G. Y., Wang, Y., Chen, H., Yu, J. W., & Yang, F. Q. (2021). Evaluation of enzyme inhibitory activity of flavonoids by polydopamine-modified hollow fiber-immobilized xanthine oxidase. Molecules, 26(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133931
Published
2025-07-26
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