Evaluasi Efisiensi Anggaran Pembangunan Jalan dan Jembatan Bypass Mamminasata Segmen I dan II Dengan Pendekatan Cost Performance Index (CPI)
Keywords:
Cost Performance Index (CPI), Earned Value Management (EVM), budget efficiency, road construction project, project cost management
Abstract
This study analyzes the budget efficiency of the Mamminasata Bypass Road and Bridge Construction Project Segment I and II using the Cost Performance Index (CPI) from the Earned Value Management (EVM) method. This project has a contract value of IDR 139.90 billion and an implementation period from November 2022 to March 2024. The data used is secondary data in the form of monthly progress reports, financial statements, and contract documents. The parameters analyzed included Planned Value (PV), Earned Value (EV), Actual Cost (AC), CPI, Cost Variance (CV), and Schedule Performance Index (SPI). The results showed an average CPI value of 0.99, which indicates excellent budget efficiency with a cost overrun of only 0.99%. CPI fluctuations over the course of the project are relatively minimal, indicating the stability of cost performance. Multiple regression analysis identified four significant factors that affect budget efficiency, namely soil conditions (? = -0.412, p = 0.005), design changes (? = -0.289, p = 0.010), volume changes (? = -0.198, p = 0.043), and price escalation (? = -0.367, p = 0.001), with the regression model having R = 0.847. A comparison of budget efficiency between Segments I and II showed no significant difference (p-value = 0.682), with Segment I CPI 0.990 and Segment II 0.989. This study contributes to the implementation of EVM in road projects in Indonesia and recommends the use of CPI as an effective monitoring tool for controlling the cost of infrastructure projects.
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References
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Zhang, Y., & Fan, Z. P. (2021). An Optimization Method for Project Scheduling Under Uncertainty Using Earned Value Management. European Journal of Operational Research, 290(1), 97-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2020.07.054
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Al-Jibouri, S. H., & Jaber, A. H. (2020). Earned Value Method for Progress Measurement: Modified Approach. Journal of Management in Engineering, 36(5), 04020054. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000818
Andayani, W., & Triantoro, D. (2022). Implementation of Earned Value Management in Indonesian Road Construction Projects: Challenges and Success Factors. Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, 54(2), 220209. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.2.9
Asad, S., & Nielsen, J. (2021). Cost Management in Construction Projects: A Systematic Review. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 28(3), 900-924. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-03-2020-0188
Babar, S., Thaheem, M. J., & Ayub, B. (2020). Integrating Risk into Earned Value Management Using Monte Carlo Simulation. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 146(3), 04020007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001750
BPKP. (2021). Evaluasi Kinerja Proyek Infrastruktur Pemerintah Tahun 2020. Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan. Jakarta.
BPKP. (2023). Laporan Monitoring Proyek Infrastruktur Nasional Tahun 2022-2023. Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan. Jakarta.
Chen, H. L., Chen, W. T., & Lin, Y. L. (2021). Earned Value Project Management: Improving the Predictive Power of Planned Value. International Journal of Project Management, 39(2), 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2020.09.001
Colin, J., Vanhoucke, M., & Kerkhove, L. P. (2020). Setting Tolerance Ranges for Statistical Project Control Using Earned Value Management. Omega, 97, 102092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2019.08.001
Derakhshanalavijeh, R., & Teixeira, J. M. (2020). Cost Overrun in Construction Projects: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 23(6), 925-945. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2020.12487
Fleming, Q. W., & Koppelman, J. M. (2020). Earned Value Project Management (5th ed.). Project Management Institute. Newtown Square, PA.
Hanna, A. S., Lotfallah, W., & Lee, M. J. (2020). Statistical Fuzzy Approach to Quantify Cumulative Impact of Change Orders. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 34(4), 04020021. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000897
Husin, A. E., & Latief, Y. (2021). Analysis of Cost Overrun Risk on Highway Construction Projects in Indonesia. Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, 53(1), 210108. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2021.53.1.8
Kementerian PUPR. (2023). Profil Proyek Strategis Nasional Bidang Jalan dan Jembatan 2022-2024. Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat. Jakarta.
Kementerian PUPR. (2024). Pedoman Pelaksanaan Proyek Infrastruktur Jalan dengan Metode Earned Value Management. Direktorat Jenderal Bina Marga. Jakarta.
Kerzner, H. (2022). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling (13th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. Hoboken, NJ.
Kim, B. C., & Reinschmidt, K. F. (2021). Combination of Project Cost Forecasts in Earned Value Management. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 147(7), 04021063. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0002085
Kurniawan, F., & Soeharto, I. (2020). Implementation of Earned Value Method for Cost and Schedule Control on Trans Sumatra Toll Road Project. Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum, 6(2), 187-196. https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.54321
Lee, J. C., Yun, S. H., & Hyun, C. T. (2022). Prediction of Project Completion Date Using Earned Schedule and Machine Learning. Automation in Construction, 139, 104271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104271
Narbaev, T., & De Marco, A. (2023). An Improved Earned Schedule-Based Regression Model for Project Cost Forecasting. International Journal of Construction Management, 23(4), 789-801. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2021.1945073
Nguyen, L. D., Nguyen, H. T., & Le-Hoai, L. (2020). Modeling Construction Cost Overrun in Infrastructure Projects: Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 146(12), 04020140. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001947
PMI. (2021). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (7th ed.). Project Management Institute. Newtown Square, PA.
PMI. (2022). Pulse of the Profession 2022: Beyond Agility. Project Management Institute. Newtown Square, PA.
Prasojo, W. A., Latief, Y., & Riantini, L. S. (2021). The Effect of Design Changes on Cost Performance in Highway Construction Projects. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1858(1), 012087. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1858/1/012087
Rahayu, M., Poerwanto, H., & Priyosulistyo, H. (2022). Evaluation of Cost and Schedule Performance on Road Construction Project Using Earned Value Method. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2437(1), 020055. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0084328
Ramadhani, F., & Priyosulistyo, H. (2023). Integration of Earned Value Management and Risk Management in Indonesian Infrastructure Projects. Journal of Engineering and Management in Industrial System, 11(1), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jemis.2023.011.01.5
Salama, T., Salah, A., Moselhi, O., & Al-Hussein, M. (2021). Near Real-Time Cost Optimization Using EVMS and Simulation. Automation in Construction, 123, 103524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103524
Santoso, B., & Soeng, S. (2022). Analyzing Delays of Road Construction Projects in Southeast Asia: Causes and Effects. Journal of Management in Engineering, 29(4), 04013007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000192
Setiawan, H., & Elvira, A. (2023). Cost Performance Index Prediction Using Machine Learning: Case Study of Indonesian Road Projects. Journal of Civil Engineering and Planning, 4(2), 123-134. https://doi.org/10.37253/jcep.v4i2.7891
Taofeeq, D. M., & Adeleke, A. Q. (2021). Factor Analysis of Cost Overrun in Highway Infrastructure Projects in Developing Countries. International Journal of Construction Management, 21(13), 1439-1452. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2019.1619214
Vanhoucke, M. (2023). Integrated Project Management and Control: First Comes the Theory, then the Practice (2nd ed.). Springer International Publishing. Cham, Switzerland.
Willems, L. L., & Vanhoucke, M. (2020). Statistical Process Control for Projects: A Theoretical Framework. Omega, 93, 102039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2019.01.008
Xu, Y., & Chou, J. S. (2022). Predicting Project Cost Overrun at Completion: An Evolutionary Support Vector Machine Approach. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 28(4), 284-298. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2022.16435
Zhang, Y., & Fan, Z. P. (2021). An Optimization Method for Project Scheduling Under Uncertainty Using Earned Value Management. European Journal of Operational Research, 290(1), 97-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2020.07.054
Published
2025-11-12
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Copyright (c) 2025 Hary Styaji, Mohamad Sobirin
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