Factors Affecting Employee Engagement: Case Study at Bank Rakyat Indonesia
Keywords:
Perceived organizational support, Digital culture, Digital transformation, Employee engagement, Self efficacy
Abstract
This study analyzes the effect of perceived organizational support, digital culture, and digital transformation on employee engagement with self-efficacy as a moderator. The concepts discussed and elaborated in this study highlight the necessity of each antecedent; therefore, we adopt a quantitative research design. However, this study was conducted among Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) employees across Indonesia who were randomly selected. Respondents in this study were 423 employees of BRI who voluntarily completed the questionnaire survey distributed via an online form. The collected data were then further processed using a partial least squares structural equation modelling approach. The results of this study confirmed all hypotheses. Therefore, employee engagement in the BRI environment, as represented by respondents, was influenced by perceived organizational support, digital culture, and digital transformation, with self-efficacy moderating. This indicates that the company's policies and treatments depend on whether a person can follow them or be part of them.
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References
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Ajzen, I. (2005). Attitude, Personality, and Behavior. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
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Arsani, S. H., Ahsan, & Fevriasanty, F. I. (2023). Analysis Dimension of Healthy Work Environment for Successful Patient Safety Incident Reporting: A Cross-Sectional Study. JMMR (Jurnal Medicoeticolegal dan Manajemen Rumah Sakit), 12(1), 32–45. https://doi.org/10.18196/jmmr.v12i1.29
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Ben Natan, M., Sharon, I., Mahajna, M., & Mahajna, S. (2017). Factors affecting nursing students’ intention to report medication errors: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Nurse Education Today, 58, 38–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2017.07.017
Bowie, P. (2010). Leadership and implementing a safety culture. Practice Nurse, 40(10), 32–35.
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357.
Cooke, R., & French, D. P. (2008). How well do the theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behaviour predict intentions and attendance at screening programmes? A meta-analysis. Psychology & Health, 23(7), 745–765. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440701544437
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Engeda, E. H. (2020). Incident Reporting Behaviours and Associated Factors among Nurses Working in Gondar University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Scientifica, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6748301
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Gqaleni, T. M., Mkhize, S. W., & Chironda, G. (2024). Patient Safety Incident Reporting and Learning guidelines implemented by the health care professionals in specialized care units: A Scoping Review (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2196/48580
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House, J. S. (1981). Work Stress and Social Support. Addison-Wesley.
Irwan, I., Ginting, C. N., & Nasution, A. N. (2023). Analysis of patient safety incident reporting system by health officials at Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ildrem hospital Medan. Jurnal Aisyah: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 8(2), 1209–1214. https://doi.org/10.30604/jika.v8i3.2225
Jansma, J. D., Wagner, C., & Bijnen, A. B. (2010). Residents’ intentions and actions after patient safety education. BMC Health Services Research, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-10-350
Javadi, M., Kadkhodaee, M., Yaghoubi, M., Maroufi, M., & Shams, A. (2013). Applying Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting of Patient Safety Behaviors of Nurses. Materia Socio Medica, 25(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2013.25.52-55
Kapil, S., & Anoopjit, K. (2020). A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Perceived Barriers on Incident Reporting among Staff Nurses Working in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. International Journal of Nursing Education, 12(1), 142–145. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-9357.2020.00031.8
Kemenkes. (2017). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Keselamatan Pasien. Jakarta: Berita Negara Republik Indonesia.
Kizito, O. (2016). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Medical Incident Reporting Among Healthcare Professionals: A Study of Midigo Health Centre IV. Texila International Journal of Medicine, 4(2), 23–42. https://doi.org/10.21522/tijmd.2013.04.02.art004
Mahdy, N., Mohamed, A., & Mohamed, H. S. (2024). Nursing Work Environment, Professional Competencies, Patient Safety Culture, and Attitude Toward Incident Report. *15*(3), 973–984.
Martin, G., Ghafur, S., Cingolani, I., Symons, J., King, D., Arora, S., & Darzi, A. (2019). The effects and preventability of 2627 patient safety incidents related to health information technology failures: A retrospective analysis of 10 years of incident reporting in England and Wales. The Lancet Digital Health, 1(3), e127–e135. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(19)30057-3
Meifika Fathiyani, G., & Ayubi, D. (2022). Factors Affecting Patient Safety Incident Reporting. Journal Research of Social, Science, Economics, and Management, 1(8), 1103–1117. https://doi.org/10.36418/jrssem.v1i8.67
Naome, T., James, M., Christine, A., & Mugisha, T. I. (2020). Practice, perceived barriers and motivating factors to medical-incident reporting: A cross-section survey of health care providers at Mbarara regional referral hospital, southwestern Uganda. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05155-z
Parmelli, E., Flodgren, G., Fraser, S. G., Williams, N., Rubin, G., & Eccles, M. P. (2014). Interventions to increase clinical incident reporting in health care. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005609.pub2
Polisena, J., Gagliardi, A., Urbach, D., Clifford, T., & Fiander, M. (2015). Factors that influence the recognition, reporting and resolution of incidents related to medical devices and other healthcare technologies: A systematic review. Systematic Reviews, 4(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-015-0028-0
Ajzen, I. (2005). Attitude, Personality, and Behavior. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
Ajzen, I. (2019). Behavioral interventions based on the theory of planned behavior. Interventions with the TPB, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420062762.axh
Alsahli, H., Al-Wathinani, A. M., Althobaiti, T. A., Abahussain, M. A., & Goniewicz, K. (2024). Shaping Safety: Unveiling the Dynamics of Incident Reporting and Safety Culture in Saudi Arabian Healthcare. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 17, 3775–3789. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S458718
Antoninda, D. B., & Indasah. (2022). Team Work, Openness of Communication and Working Period for Reporting Patient Safety Events at the Regional General Hospital dr. ISKAK Tulungagung. Journal of Nursing Practice, 6(2), 168–175. https://doi.org/10.30994/jnp.v6i2.364
Arsani, S. H., Ahsan, & Fevriasanty, F. I. (2023). Analysis Dimension of Healthy Work Environment for Successful Patient Safety Incident Reporting: A Cross-Sectional Study. JMMR (Jurnal Medicoeticolegal dan Manajemen Rumah Sakit), 12(1), 32–45. https://doi.org/10.18196/jmmr.v12i1.29
Aziz, A. A., & Safina, N. (2016). Monitoring Incident Reporting to Improve Quality and Patient Safety: Sharing Malaysia Experience. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 18(08), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-1808036985
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Ben Natan, M., Sharon, I., Mahajna, M., & Mahajna, S. (2017). Factors affecting nursing students’ intention to report medication errors: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Nurse Education Today, 58, 38–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2017.07.017
Bowie, P. (2010). Leadership and implementing a safety culture. Practice Nurse, 40(10), 32–35.
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357.
Cooke, R., & French, D. P. (2008). How well do the theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behaviour predict intentions and attendance at screening programmes? A meta-analysis. Psychology & Health, 23(7), 745–765. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440701544437
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340.
Ditching, N. A., Furatero, A. G. F., Iquiña, R. V. S., Sabulao, A. D. M., Supremo, J. M., & Oducado. (2020). Factors associated with nursing students’ intention to report needlestick injuries: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior. Nursing Research and Practice, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/nrp.2020.01424
Ekayani, N. P., Wardhani, V., & Rachmi, A. T. (2017). Nurses’ intention and behavior in reporting adverse event: Application of theory of planned behavior. Kesmas, 11(3), 138–144. https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v11i3.1091
Engeda, E. H. (2020). Incident Reporting Behaviours and Associated Factors among Nurses Working in Gondar University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Scientifica, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6748301
Fadilla, N. M., & Setyonugroho, W. (2021). Sistem Informasi Manajemen Rumah Sakit dalam Meningkatkan Efisiensi: Mini Literature Review. Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi, 8(1), 357–374. https://doi.org/10.59141/comserva.v3i10.1223
Ferorelli, D., Solarino, B., Trotta, S., Mandarelli, G., Tattoli, L., Stefanizzi, P., Bianchi, F. P., Tafuri, S., Zotti, F., & Dell’erba, A. (2020). Incident reporting system in an Italian university hospital: A new tool for improving patient safety. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176267
Gqaleni, T. M., & Bhengu, B. R. (2020). Analysis of Patient Safety Incident reporting system as an indicator of quality nursing in critical care units in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Health SA Gesondheid, 25. https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v25i0.1263
Gqaleni, T. M., Mkhize, S. W., & Chironda, G. (2024). Patient Safety Incident Reporting and Learning guidelines implemented by the health care professionals in specialized care units: A Scoping Review (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2196/48580
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, J. B., & Anderson, R. F. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Hewitt, T., Chreim, S., & Forster, A. (2017). Sociocultural factors influencing incident reporting among physicians and nurses: Understanding Frames underlying self-and peer-reporting practices. Journal of Patient Safety, 13(3), 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1097/PTS.0000000000000130
House, J. S. (1981). Work Stress and Social Support. Addison-Wesley.
Irwan, I., Ginting, C. N., & Nasution, A. N. (2023). Analysis of patient safety incident reporting system by health officials at Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ildrem hospital Medan. Jurnal Aisyah: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 8(2), 1209–1214. https://doi.org/10.30604/jika.v8i3.2225
Jansma, J. D., Wagner, C., & Bijnen, A. B. (2010). Residents’ intentions and actions after patient safety education. BMC Health Services Research, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-10-350
Javadi, M., Kadkhodaee, M., Yaghoubi, M., Maroufi, M., & Shams, A. (2013). Applying Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting of Patient Safety Behaviors of Nurses. Materia Socio Medica, 25(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2013.25.52-55
Kapil, S., & Anoopjit, K. (2020). A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Perceived Barriers on Incident Reporting among Staff Nurses Working in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. International Journal of Nursing Education, 12(1), 142–145. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-9357.2020.00031.8
Kemenkes. (2017). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Keselamatan Pasien. Jakarta: Berita Negara Republik Indonesia.
Kizito, O. (2016). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Medical Incident Reporting Among Healthcare Professionals: A Study of Midigo Health Centre IV. Texila International Journal of Medicine, 4(2), 23–42. https://doi.org/10.21522/tijmd.2013.04.02.art004
Mahdy, N., Mohamed, A., & Mohamed, H. S. (2024). Nursing Work Environment, Professional Competencies, Patient Safety Culture, and Attitude Toward Incident Report. *15*(3), 973–984.
Martin, G., Ghafur, S., Cingolani, I., Symons, J., King, D., Arora, S., & Darzi, A. (2019). The effects and preventability of 2627 patient safety incidents related to health information technology failures: A retrospective analysis of 10 years of incident reporting in England and Wales. The Lancet Digital Health, 1(3), e127–e135. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(19)30057-3
Meifika Fathiyani, G., & Ayubi, D. (2022). Factors Affecting Patient Safety Incident Reporting. Journal Research of Social, Science, Economics, and Management, 1(8), 1103–1117. https://doi.org/10.36418/jrssem.v1i8.67
Naome, T., James, M., Christine, A., & Mugisha, T. I. (2020). Practice, perceived barriers and motivating factors to medical-incident reporting: A cross-section survey of health care providers at Mbarara regional referral hospital, southwestern Uganda. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05155-z
Parmelli, E., Flodgren, G., Fraser, S. G., Williams, N., Rubin, G., & Eccles, M. P. (2014). Interventions to increase clinical incident reporting in health care. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005609.pub2
Polisena, J., Gagliardi, A., Urbach, D., Clifford, T., & Fiander, M. (2015). Factors that influence the recognition, reporting and resolution of incidents related to medical devices and other healthcare technologies: A systematic review. Systematic Reviews, 4(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-015-0028-0
Published
2025-11-24
Section
Original Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Dicky Satria, Alghani Alghani, Virgitha Isanda Agustania, Anita Maharani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
