Luka Cakar dalam Kedokteran Forensik: Tinjauan Pustaka Naratif
Abstract
Luka lecet gores adalah luka linier superfisial akibat gaya geser pada kulit, umumnya disebabkan oleh kuku, dan memiliki signifikansi penting dalam praktik kedokteran forensik meskipun tampak ringan secara klini. Tinjauan pustaka naratif ini bertujuan untuk membahas definisi, mekanisme terjadinya, karakteristik morfologi, lokasi anatomi, serta signifikansi forensik luka cakar berdasarkan literatur terkini. Penulisan ini merupakan studi kepustakaan (narrative literature review) yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara komprehensif karakteristik, mekanisme, serta signifikansi mediko-legal luka cakar (scratch abrasions) dalam praktik kedokteran forensik Secara morfologis, luka cakar tampak sebagai goresan linier atau kurvilinear dangkal, dapat muncul tunggal atau berkelompok, dan sering tersusun sejajar sesuai arah gaya. Pola dan distribusinya memberikan petunjuk penting dalam rekonstruksi kejadian, terutama pada kasus kekerasan interpersonal seperti strangulasi dan kekerasan seksual, di mana luka cakar dapat berperan sebagai luka perlawanan atau bukti kontak agresif. Penentuan usia luka abrasi dilakukan melalui korelasi temuan makroskopik dan histopatologik, namun akurasinya dipengaruhi oleh variasi biologis individu, komorbiditas, dan faktor lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, interpretasi luka cakar harus dilakukan secara hati-hati dan terintegrasi dengan data klinis serta konteks forensik kasus.
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