Pengaruh Beban Kerja dan Tekanan Waktu terhadap Kesehatan Mental Pekerja Jasa Migas
Abstract
Industri jasa minyak dan gas (migas) memiliki karakteristik pekerjaan dengan tuntutan kerja tinggi, target operasional yang ketat, serta kondisi kerja dinamis yang berpotensi memengaruhi kesehatan mental pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh job demands terhadap kesehatan mental pekerja pada industri jasa migas. Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional terhadap 100 pekerja onshore dan offshore yang dipilih menggunakan proportionate stratified random sampling. Variabel job demands diukur menggunakan Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), sedangkan kesehatan mental diukur menggunakan Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa quantitative demands, emotional demands, dan work pace/time pressure berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesehatan mental pekerja. Tekanan waktu menjadi faktor yang paling dominan memengaruhi kesehatan mental dibandingkan dimensi job demands lainnya. Tuntutan operasional yang tinggi, jam kerja panjang, dan tekanan penyelesaian pekerjaan dalam waktu terbatas berpotensi meningkatkan stres, kecemasan, dan kelelahan emosional pekerja. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko psikososial perlu menjadi perhatian dalam pengelolaan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) di industri jasa migas. Perusahaan disarankan mengembangkan pengendalian risiko psikososial melalui evaluasi sistem kerja, pengelolaan kelelahan kerja, serta penyediaan program dukungan kesehatan mental bagi pekerja.
Downloads
References
Alali, M., Masood, M. A., Khaled, R., AlQaydi, S., Semerjian, L., Ahmed, F. R., et al. (2026). Psychosocial risks and occupational challenges across workplace sectors in Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Discover Social Science and Health, 6(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-025-00343-w
Aria, M., Khazim, I., Ilyas, M., Kekalih, A., & Fuady, A. (2024). Work-related fatigue among Indonesian offshore oil and gas workers. Occupational Medicine, 74(5), 364–369. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae040
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands-resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
Bergh, L. I. V., Leka, S., & Zwetsloot, G. I. J. M. (2018). Tailoring psychosocial risk assessment in the oil and gas industry by exploring specific and common psychosocial risks. Safety and Health at Work, 9(1), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2017.05.001
British Standards Institution. (2024). ISO 45003: Psychological health and safety at work. https://www.bsigroup.com
D’Antoine, E., Jansz, J., Barifcani, A., Shaw-Mills, S., Harris, M., & Lagat, C. (2023). Psychosocial safety and health hazards and their impacts on offshore oil and gas workers. Safety, 9(3), 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety9030056
Derdowski, L. A., & Mathisen, G. E. (2023). Psychosocial factors and safety in high-risk industries: A systematic literature review. Safety Science, 157, 105948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105948
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. (2024). Psychosocial risks and mental health at work. https://osha.europa.eu/en/themes/psychosocial-risks-and-mental-health
Hair, J. F., Jr., Babin, B. J., Black, W. C., & Anderson, R. E. (2018). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage.
International Organization for Standardization. (2021). ISO 45003:2021 occupational health and safety management—Psychological health and safety at work—Guidelines for managing psychosocial risks. ISO.
Kelechi, F. (2023). Occupational health, safety, and environmental risk management in the oil and gas sector: Challenges, precautions, and implications. International Journal of Scientific Research Archive, 13(2), 87–103.
Kusmawan, D., Izhar, M. D., & Aswin, B. (2024). Assessing the relationship between mental workload and work fatigue among oil and gas workers in PT X, Jambi Province, Indonesia: PLS-SEM analysis. Journal of Public Health Research, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/22799036241287660
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D (2nd ed.). Alfabeta.
Susanto, A., & Putri, R. (2025). Risiko psikososial di industri minyak dan gas bumi (MIGAS): Tinjauan literatur naratif. Jurnal Lentera Kesehatan Masyarakat, 4(2), 124–136. https://doi.org/10.69883/mgh1hq52
Truman, D., & Dewi, R. S. (2024). The analysis of the effect of mental workload and burnout on employees’ safety behavior in the oil and gas industry using roster systems. Engineering Proceedings, 76(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024076001
World Health Organization. (2022). Mental health at work: Policy brief. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240053052
World Medical Association. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310(20), 2191–2194. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.281053
Copyright (c) 2026 Alma Atsila, Mila Tejamaya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
