Evaluasi Kinerja Kontrak Konstruksi Design and Build terhadap Waktu (Studi Kasus: Pembangunan Ruas Tol Serbelawan-Pematangsiantar STA 30+00 S/D 58+000)
Abstract
Kontrak Design and Build banyak digunakan dalam proyek infrastruktur karena mengintegrasikan tanggung jawab desain dan konstruksi dalam satu entitas kontraktual serta diharapkan mempercepat penyelesaian proyek. Namun, penerapannya tidak selalu menjamin ketepatan waktu, terutama ketika proyek menghadapi kendala pembebasan lahan, perubahan desain, keterlambatan administrasi, dan pembagian risiko yang lemah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja waktu Proyek Jalan Tol Serbelawan–Pematangsiantar serta mengidentifikasi variabel kinerja kontrak yang paling memengaruhi penyelesaian proyek. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan indikator Earned Value Management, meliputi Schedule Performance Index, Schedule Deviation, Schedule Achievement Rate, dan Time to Open to Traffic. Data primer diperoleh melalui kuesioner dan wawancara terhadap 18 ahli, sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari dokumen kontrak, addendum, jadwal, dan laporan kemajuan bulanan. Analisis regresi linier berganda dilakukan menggunakan IBM SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proyek mengalami keterlambatan signifikan, dengan durasi meningkat dari 670 menjadi 2.196 hari kalender melalui 12 addendum kontrak. Sebagian besar periode pelaksanaan mencatat nilai SPI kurang dari 1 dan deviasi jadwal negatif. Keandalan kontrak dalam mitigasi risiko menjadi satu-satunya variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan dan dominan terhadap kinerja waktu, dengan koefisien regresi 0,839. Dengan demikian, penerapan Design and Build memerlukan penguatan alokasi risiko, perencanaan, koordinasi, proses persetujuan, dan pengendalian jadwal berkelanjutan secara konsisten dan terukur.
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