Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia p�ISSN:
2541-0849 e-ISSN: 2548-1398
Vol. 7, No. 12, Desember 2022
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT: AN IMPLEMENTATION
OF AIRPORT SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT
Wildan Nugraha, Direstu Amalia, Anton Abdullah
Politeknik Penerbangan Palembang, Indonesia
Email: [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
In achieving goals
in an aviation company or organization is not just a leadership problem,
another problem that needs to be considered in a company is about change
management. The company's ability to read and deal with change must be
accompanied by a thorough evaluation of all aspects that will be faced. Based
on the applicable regulation it is explained that in dealing with changes that
occur in an aviation service provider, it must be accompanied by the Safety
Risk Management process for the changes that occur. This research intends to
analyze and study the extent to which the application of change management in
an aviation service provider. This study uses a qualitative approach which is
descriptive and uses analysis. It can be concluded that existing Hazard
Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) in Safety Management System
documentation of airport x shall be reviewed. The mitigation measures in
reducing the risks that arise are increasing the capacity and knowledge of HIRA
by Safety Management System training and reviewing the existing SOPs related to
the HIRA process for changes that occurred in the aviation service provider.
Keywords: management of change; hazard identification; risk assessment
Introduction
Management
is an act that regulates processes or facilities in order to utilize resources
effectively and efficiently to achieve certain goals. As a process of utilizing
organizational resources, mobilizing, and controlling with all its aspects by
using all available potential in order to achieve organizational goals
effectively and efficiently (Haya & Tambunan, 2022).
One
of the important factors that determine the achievement of organizational goals
is the management of the organization concerned, in the form of applying a
number of basic organizational principles, determining the organizational
structure or pattern of cooperation, division of labor, coordination, smooth
communication, decision-making processes, and organizational survival (Handayani, 2010).
Another
problem related to achieving goals in a company or organization is not just a
leadership problem, another problem that needs to be considered in a company is
about change management (Lestary, Aswia, & L, 2021). The company's ability to read and deal with changes in an
environment full of uncertainty must be balanced with the readiness of
employees to face change. An employee in carrying out his role and position
requires competence in it.
Based
on the Safety Management Manual (SMM) Document 9859 International Civil Aviation Organization year 2018, it is explained that in dealing with changes that occur
in an aviation service provider, it must be accompanied by the Hazard
Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) process for the changes that occur.
This is done so that operations and services at the organization can run
according to plan (Paramita, 2021).
When
referring to the SMM, the modern aviation system is always undergoing
development, which requires employees who have competence in implementing a safety
management system. The established safety risk image of a system will alter
when changes are made to it. Hazards introduced by changes may reduce the
efficacy of current defenses. This might bring up new risks or alter current
safety risks. States should assess and control how changes to their aviation
systems will affect them (Amalia, 2019).
In
implementing the Safety Management System (SMS), Examples of changes with
potential for significant impact to the safety risks of the State include, but
are not limited to reorganization of State aviation authorities (including
downsizing); changes in the SSP processes, Safety Risk Management and safety
assurance processes; changes in the regulatory environment, such as changes in
existing State safety policies, programs, and regulations; changes in the
operational environment, such as introduction of new technologies, changes in infrastructure,
equipment and services; rapidly changing industry (expanding, contracting,
morphing) and its potential impact on the State oversight and performance
monitoring capabilities (Martadinata, 2021).
Airport
x is one of the aviation service providers in the airport sector, which was
previously an airport managed by the Ministry of Transportation. Airport x was
officially handed over its management from the Ministry of Transportation to
State-Owned Enterprises, through the Joint Utilization Scheme of State-Owned
Assets. These changes cause the existing SMS documents to be no longer relevant
to the actual conditions that are currently happening.
This
research intends to analyze and study the extent to which the application of
change management in an aviation service provider has been determined by
applicable regulations. and second, the author tries to identify hazards and assess
the risks that can arise from changes that occur to the course of operations.
Research Methods
This study uses a qualitative approach which is descriptive
and uses analysis. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative
method to describe an event or events which are then described as they are
without manipulating (Sugiyono, 2010). Collecting data using literature study, collecting
references in the form of data in the form of narratives or sentences,
documents, theories of opinion, pre-existing ideas and then analyzed using data
analysis techniques.
Data analysis, managing data from theoretical opinions or
ideas from previous data. The first thing to do in analyzing the data is to
reduce the data, select or retrieve important things from the existing data (Rijali, 2018). Next, display the data, describe the data in the form of
narrative text in the form of graphs, charts, notes or brief descriptions and
finally draw conclusions.
Data were taken from respondents using interview and
questionnaire methods. Interviews are carried out as a data collection
technique if we want to conduct a preliminary study to find problems that must
be faced, examined and also if the researcher wants to know something from the
respondents in more depth (Soleh, 2021).
Results and Discussion
From observations it is known that at airport x
there is a system change procedure mentioned in the safety management system
manual, that allow it to affect the operational performance of the airport as
shown in the figure below:
Picture
1
Management
of Change Flowchart
From the flowchart above, there are several stages
that are carried out to follow up on various kinds of changes that occur,
starting from determining the type of change to determining whether the risk
that occurs due to the change is acceptable or not.
A risk assessment is carried out
to determine the level of risk of each potential hazard so that it can be
determined what hazards require further action. By combining the level of
probability of the occurrence of a hazard and the severity that can result from
the hazard (Maubere
& Panjaitan, 2014).
The procedure is in accordance with the Regulation
of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia Number PM 62
of� 2017, which states that: The formal
process for the management of change shall (1) identify changes within the
organization which may affect established processes and services, (2) describe
the arrangements to ensure safety performance before implementing changes, (3)
eliminate or modify safety risk controls that are no longer needed due to
changes in the operational environment.
The Risk Assessment in the management of change
procedure is based on comparing 2 (two) determining factors, namely Probability
and Consequence. Each of these factors has certain criteria and numbers, as
shown in the table below.
Table 1
Risk Level Probability Scale
Table
2
Consequence
Scale of Risk Level
Related to the implementation of the
assessment/evaluation of each SMS risk that has been identified using the SMS
risk analysis matrix as shown in the table below.
Table
3
Risk
Matrix
The Safety & Risk Management Unit evaluates all
identification of hazards and consequences proposed by the relevant work units,
then an assessment is carried out by comparison with applicable procedures and
regulations to determine whether the level of hazard of work activities or
existing conditions is in accordance with the desired standard or not (Riyadi, Hendra, Sadiatmi, Nugraha, & Amalia,
2021).
From the results of observations and interviews
conducted by researchers on the safety & risk management unit, the results
obtained by researchers are contained in a gap analysis table as below.
Table
4
Management
of Change Gap Analysis
|
No |
Performance Compliance Indicators |
Performance Achievements |
Problem Identification |
|||
|
P |
S |
O |
E |
|||
|
1 |
The organisation has
established a process and conducts formal hazard analyses and risk
assessments for major operational changes, major organisational changes and
changes in key personnel. |
|
|
|
|
The indicators are appropriate based on the size, nature, complexity
of the organization and the risks inherent in the activity, including
industrial sector considerations |
|
2 |
Safety Case/Risk
assessments are aviation safety focused. |
|
|
|
|
There is evidence that indicators are being used and outputs are being
produced |
|
3 |
During the change management process previous risk
assessments and existing hazards are reviewed for possible effect |
|
|
|
|
There is evidence that the 'indicators' are clearly visible and documented
in the organization's SMS Documentation |
|
4 |
Validation of the
safety performance after organisational and operational changes have taken
place to assure assumptions remain valid and the change was effective |
|
|
|
|
The indicators are appropriate based on the size, nature, complexity
of the organization and the risks inherent in the activity, including
industrial sector considerations |
|
5 |
All organisational
and operational changes are subject to the change management process |
|
|
|
|
There is evidence that indicators are being used and outputs are being
produced |
|
6 |
Safety
accountabilities, authorities and responsibilities are reviewed as part of
the change |
|
|
|
|
The indicators are appropriate based on the size, nature, complexity
of the organization and the risks inherent in the activity, including
industrial sector considerations |
From the results of the gap analysis above, there
are two points that must be addressed by the management regarding the implementation
of management of change in the safety management system, namely related to the
implementation of previous risk assessments and existing hazards are reviewed
for possible effects. This happened because the implementation of the
management of change procedure only focused on identifying new hazards and paid
less attention to the relation to the risk assessment that had been done
previously.
The risks that can arise from these weaknesses, the
author tries to identify them with a hazard identification and risk assessment
scheme as shown in the table below.
Table
5
Hazard
Identification And Risk Assessment With
Variable
X = Probability; Y = Severity; Z = Risk Scale
|
Activities |
Hazard |
Risk |
Risk Assessment |
||
|
X |
Y |
Z |
|||
|
Change management
process |
During the change management process, previous risk assessments and
existing hazards are not reviewed for possible effects |
Operational limitations due to hazards that are not completely
identified |
4 |
D |
4D |
The risks that may occur in the table above are operational
limitations due to hazards that are not completely identified with a risk scale
of 4D which is in the yellow zone or moderate in terms of acceptable after
review of operations. So, the next thing to do is to reduce the value of the
risk that arises by planning mitigation steps so that the probability or
severity level can go down as in the table below.
Table
6
Hazard
Identification And Risk Assessment
With
Variable X = Probability; Y = Severity; Z = Risk Scale
|
Activities |
Hazard |
Risk |
Risk Assessment |
||
|
X |
Y |
Z |
|||
|
During the change management process, previous risk assessments and
existing hazards are not reviewed for possible effects |
Operational limitations due to not completely identified hazards |
1.
Provide training or
refresher related to the implementation of SMS to safety officers 2.
Organizing and compiling
SOPs related to the HIRA process related to changes that occur |
2 |
D |
2D |
Risk mitigation is an action to increase
opportunities and reduce threats from the likelihood and impact of the risks
posed (Ramadhan, Febriansyah, & Dewi, 2020). A liable mitigation strategy
may include any of the above approaches or may include multiple approaches. To
find the best solution, it is important to consider all possible control
measures. The effectiveness of alternative strategies should be evaluated
before making a decision.
From the results of table 6, after scenarios with
the mitigation process using 2 (two) approaches, namely Providing training or
refresher related to the implementation of SMS to safety officers (training)
and Arranging and compiling SOPs related to the HIRA process related to changes
that occur (procedures), then the scale results obtained risk is at number 4.
This shows a decrease in the risk number from the initial 4D to number 2D which
is in the green or acceptable zone and operations at the aviation service
provider can continue.
Conclusion
Based
on the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that there are
still issues that must be considered by the management regarding the implementation
of the 3rd pillar in SMS, especially regarding the management of
change. Subsequently, a hazard identification and risk assessment (HIRA)
process was carried out on deficiencies that resulted in risk mitigation,
namely increasing the capacity and knowledge of HIRA by SMS training and
reviewing the existing SOPs related to the HIRA process for changes that
occurred in the aviation service provider. Therefore, in the event of changes
that may affect safety risks associated with aviation products or services, and
in order to identify and manage the safety risks that may arise from these
changes, existing hazard identification and risk assessment in SMS
documentation shall be reviewed.
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Copyright holder: Wildan Nugraha, Direstu
Amalia, Anton Abdullah (2022) |
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First publication right: Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia |
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