Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia p�ISSN:
2541-0849 e-ISSN: 2548-1398
Vol. 7, No.
12, Desember 2022
THE
ROLE OF POLITICAL EDUCATION ON THE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF NOVICE VOTERS IN
THE 2020 SIMULTANEOUS REGIONAL ELECTIONS IN BARRU DISTRICT
Andi
Rosdianti Razak, Jaelan
Usman, Rusdin Nawi
Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Universitas Pancasakti Makassar
Email: [email protected] �
Abstract
This study aims to answer the main problem discussed, namely the role of
political education on the political participation of novice voters in the 2020
Simultaneous Regional Elections in Barru Regency. In
addition, to explain the supporting and inhibiting factors of political
education in the success of simultaneous regional elections. The method used is
qualitative with a phenomenological type, to explain the current status of a
group of people, objects and political systems. The data analysis technique used
is descriptive qualitative, to comprehensively examine and analyze the role of
political education for the younger generation, especially novice voters in
participating in the success of the 2020 simultaneous regional elections. The
results of this study show that the role of political education for the younger
generation, especially novice voters, to participate and be actively involved
in the 2020 simultaneous regional elections in Barru
Regency is largely determined by various factors, including: the family as an
agent of socialization of political education has a very important role. Then a
factor that is no less important in motivating novice voters in the 2020
simultaneous regional elections is the social environment. Furthermore,
supporting and inhibiting factors in this study include: (1) supporting factors
are the presence of political stimuli, personal and social characteristics, and
political education; (2) inhibiting factors include busy daily activities,
minders, and prohibitions from the family (parents).
Keywords :�Political education, participation, novice
voters
Introduction�
A
great and strong nation is a nation that has a younger generation that has a
bright and bright future. Youth who are able to make achievements both nationally
and internationally (Kurniawan, Sutrisno, & Nuhgroho, n.d.). To
realize this outstanding youth is not easy if all existing components do not
take joint action to equip the younger generation in positive activities.
Reflecting on the dynamics that have occurred recently, young people experience
problems, including brawls between students, drugs, indifference, and others (Alfaqi, Habibia, & Rapita, 2017). Such
youth life is a negative impact of educational failure that has not been able
to invite youth to play an active role both in the family, school, community
and nation and state.
Good
political education is expected to be able to arouse the enthusiasm of the
younger generation to participate and participate in political activities, both
passively and actively in accordance with their abilities and ideals. Thus, it
can be emphasized that, the results of previous studies explain that the presence
of youth in politics is a necessity because the younger generation (novice
voters) are the successors to the baton of national leadership (Putra, 2017).
Therefore, the younger generation is expected
to be able to revive the national
political atmosphere which is currently
still dominated by the old elite.
Youth
as a pillar of the future of the nation has a big role for the sustainability
of a nation. In this connection, youth must have sufficient insight and
education in order to participate in providing the best for the nation and
state (Handayani, Milka, & Tubul, 2022). In this
context, the younger generation is a novice voter who has a sizable vote compared
to other common groups. Therefore, novice voters are expected to be able to
contribute to political activities both actively and passively (Febriani & Ludi, 2018). One form
of active political activity is to actively participate in the activities of
general elections, regional elections, elections and others.
The lack of
socialization carried out
by the
General Election Commission
(KPU), caused many
novice voters to
not exercise
their voting
rights in the 2020
Simultaneous Regional Elections
in Barru Regency. This
lack of socialization can occur
in novice voters who are supposed to
participate in these
political activities but
are constrained by ignorance
and lack
of understanding of the
people who are
categorized as novice
voters. This is
very likely
to happen
to novice
voters who are
participating in the
regional elections for
the first
time. The
political consciousness of novice voters
can be said to be
one of the determining factors
in people's political participation, meaning that
it is
related to knowledge and awareness of
rights and obligations, which relates
to the community environment
and political activities being the
measure and measure of
a person's
involvement in political
participation.
Other
novelty values that can be seen in this study include: The Barru
Regency KPU held Technical Guidance to increase voter participation, especially
young people (beginners). This is based on the results of preliminary
observations (preliminary studies), as explained by the Socialization and
Public Relations Section of the KPU Barru (Saadawi, 2015)�said, the success of the regional elections is
in the hands of the people, including novice voters. The level of community
participation is the foundation for the success of the simultaneous regional
head elections in 2020. In the success of this activity, KPU Barru invited members of the Tanete
Rilau District Panwascam,
the District Election Committee, the Voting Committee, the Voting Organizing
Group, and Karan Taruna for Technical Guidance.
Based
on the explanation above, related to the role of political education in
increasing the political participation of novice voters which is the focus of
this study, with the formulation of the problem: (1) what is the role of
political education in novice voters? novice voter participation in the 2020
Simultaneous Local Elections in Barru District; (2)
what factors support and hinder the role of political education in the
political participation of novice voters in the 2020 Simultaneous Regional
Elections in Barru District.
Political�education plays an important role
as a medium for conveying political concepts that have the ultimate goal of
making novice voters more politically literate (Luqman, 2020). Politically literate novice voters are novice
voters who are aware of their rights and obligations so as to participate in
the life of the nation and state in every development process. Political
education is needed, especially to educate the current generation of young
people who will become the next generation of reliable nations in the future (Rahayu, Juanda, & Yusnianti,
2018).
Novice voters basically
have very
dynamic thinking. Still
not having
a solid
foundation, this happens
because novice voters
fall into
the category
of teenagers.
Teenagers basically have
a less strong pattern
because there are still
many who
are looking for a
form that fits the
dynamics that are
developing today. There
are still
those who
don't have
a strong
character. This is
not an
obstacle for its
adherents which will
help the
younger generation to
have extensive
knowledge and good behavior in
accordance with good
political culture and culture.
Political
participation in a democracy is something substantial. One of the fundamental
reasons for this is that one of the indicators of the quality of democracy is
determined by the high and low and how political participation is carried out (Fadlan,
Khaidir, & Putri, 2019).
Political participation is the activity of a person or group of people to
actively participate in political life, among other things by electing the
leader of the country and directly or indirectly influencing government policy (Suharyanto,
2014).
The
limit for novice voters (youth) starts from the age of 16 years following the
determination of young age carried out by the United Nations (UN), while the
age limit of young up to 30 years based on Youth Law Number 40 of 2009 article
1 concerning (Maulidina, n.d.):
Youth is an Indonesian citizen who is entering an important period of growth
and development aged 16 (sixteen) to 30 (thirty) years. Novice voters here can
be a force in the elections, the enthusiasm of this group is quite high and the
majority of this group wants to cast their votes in every election, especially
the 2020 Simultaneous Regional Elections (Ni�amah, 2018).
Research
Methods
This
research uses qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach or type.
This research focused on political education and political participation of
novice voters in the 2020 Regional Head (Bupati)
elections in Barru Regency. The same thing is also
conveyed through research procedures that produce descriptive data in the form
of written or spoken words from people and observed behaviors (Ubaedillah, 2016). Thus,
qualitative research essentially observes people in its environment, interacts
with them, tries to understand their language and interpretation of the world
around them. This study aims to determine the motivation, form and variation of
political participation of novice voters in Barru
District.
The
data analysis techniques used in this study are descriptive qualitative (Qomari, 2009), namely
(1) researchers choose informants according to predetermined categories to
avoid distortions in providing information; (2) detailed and detailed
excavation of informant data to clarify the validity and depth of research
results; (3) conducting a member check, which is to reconfirm the reporter to
clarify the information provided or add information/data. Data analysis
techniques aim to provide a scientific picture and explanation of the object under
study. The reason this study uses a qualitative approach is because it is part
of a descriptive method, by understanding why a symptom occurs or the cause of
an event.
Results
and Discussion
Political
education is one of the important factors in improving the quality of political
participation of novice voters, especially in the simultaneous regional
elections in 2020. Political education can add knowledge about the evolving
political dynamics. Therefore, political education is carried out to the younger
generation or novice voters to prepare for the future of the nation and state
and ensure that simultaneous regional elections can run well, and produce
outputs that have strong government legitimacy. Political education programs
for novice voters are important and urgent to implement, in order to be more effective the political education program needs to be
implemented in new ways and methods, materials and curricula tailored to the
character, needs, interests, interests and level of experience and understanding
of novice voters. With political education, it is hoped that novice voters can
become smart, critical and responsible participants.
The political participation
of novice
voters in Barru Regency, especially
in Tanete Rilau District based
on research
findings, can be
said to
be still
influenced by habits,
or just
jumping on the
bandwagon. the next
generation and future
leaders of the
nation. Therefore, it
is important
to improve political education especially for
novice voters (a means of political
education and awareness
of novice
voters to vote
properly). The means
of political education in
question are family,
school, surrounding environment,
work, mass
media, and direct
political contacts. Each
individual in the
group seeks
to match his or her
opinion with that of his
or her
friends perhaps because
he wants
to be
with them.
So a
social group is to socialize
its members
by encouraging or urging them
to conform to the
attitudes or behaviors
adopted by the
group.
The number of
registered voters in
the permanent voter list
for the
2020 regional
elections spread across
7 districts;
55 villages/kelurahan; and 449
polling stations with
62,525
male voters and 67,764
female voters. The
number of male
and female
voters was 130,289.
This number
includes first-time
voters, especially the
17- to
25-year-old
age category.
This research
was focused
on Tanete Rilau District which
consists of 10
villages/kelurahan,
84 polling
stations, the number
of male
voters is 12,343
people, and female voters are
13,233 people. There
were 25,576
men and
women registered
as permanent
voters in the 2020
local elections
in Barru District.
Regarding the
results of research on the role of
political education on the political participation of novice voters
in the 2020 simultaneous regional elections
in Barru Regency, it
has been explained that: (1)
The role of the family, research
results and data
Analysis shows that the family is
one of the agents
of political
education that has
an important
role. This
is because
the family as a source of political information, there are
discussions or debates
that can
help improve
the political
education of the
younger generation; (2)
The role of the environment in which they are
active, has a
very decisive
role in providing political information
to novice voters to
participate in regional
elections, and (3)
The role
of the social environment, is one
of the
political means. Education
that has an important role as well as
a place to get
political information as
explained by one
of the informants that, the place
of study and some
of the
organizations I participated
in had a very
important role in
influencing my way
of thinking
about politics.
Based on the above
explanation, it can
be seen
that one
of the
places to get
information and data
about regional
elections is the environment
where novice
voters gather. The
reason is that novice voter forums
are often
used as
a place
to discuss
the evolving political dynamics.
The data
and information
obtained are taken
into consideration
in making
decisions when choosing
a candidate's
spouse according to
conscience. When viewed
from the political participation of novice voters is inseparable
from their
knowledge of political
education, although novice
voters are sometimes
apathetic, the 2020
simultaneous regional elections
held in
Barru District are
very enthusiastic.
Regarding the supporting and
inhibiting factors of political
education of novice voters in the 2020
simultaneous regional elections
in Barru District, according
to the results of the study,
these supporting
factors include: (a)
The existence
of political stimuli, this
is important
to raise awareness of novice voters
in order to be
willing to participate
in political
activities. In this
case, the
interest in participating is influenced,
for example,
often participating
in political
discussions through the mass
media or through formal
or informal
discussions; (b) A
person's personal
characteristics, this is
a motivating
factor for novice
voters to participate
in politics.
People of social character
have a
great social concern for
social, political, economic, cultural,
defense and security
issues, usually wanting
to engage
in political
activities; (c) Social
Characteristics, are a
driving factor for
the political
participation of novice
voters. This is
because of the social characteristics as explained
above that
the social
environment also influences
a person's
perception, attitudes and
behavior in the political
field. Therefore, they
want to
participate in politics;
(d) A
conducive political situation or
environment is one
of the
driving factors that
make people
happy to
participate in political
life. In
a democratic
political environment, everyone feels
more free and
comfortable to engage
in political activities than
in an
authoritarian political environment.
Factors
hindering the political participation of novice voters in the 2020 simultaneous
regional elections in Barru Regency include: (1) busy
daily activities. The daily activities of novice voters are generally students,
students and workers. So it is quite natural that novice voters whose average
age ranges from 17 to 22 years, hinder them from carrying out political
activities that take a relatively long time; (2) inferiority, one of the
factors hindering the political participation of novice voters in elections is
a relatively low level of education or lack of experience in political
activities and a relatively low socioeconomic level that makes them feel
inferior, and (3) a ban on the family that there are novice voters who cannot
participate in simultaneous regional elections in Tanete
Rilau District, Barru
Regency because they are prohibited by their families or parents.
The role of political education for novice
voters in increasing participation
in the 2020 simultaneous
regional elections in
Barru Regency shows
that political
education is one
of the important aspects
to realize
an increasingly
civilized life in society,
nation and state.
Therefore, education must
be used
as a foundation
for forming
a civilized
human being.
So that education becomes
a pattern
that must
be followed
by all
components in the Unitary
State of the Republic
of Indonesia.
One of the goals of
the Indonesian
State is
to educate
the nation's
life. This
very noble state goal
is used
as a spirit
to be able
to rise to see
education as a process of
instilling noble values
in the younger generation
and society.
Education is expected
not only
to transfer
knowledge, but must
be more
than that,
namely habituation and the formation
of good
attitudes and behaviors
in every
human being.
The
stated purpose of state life can be more easily implemented if all existing
components synergize to realize it. One of the important societies that must be
present and play a role in the dynamics of the nation and state is the younger
generation. The younger generation is expected to be able to participate in
state life. In this case it is politics. So that the younger generation,
especially novice voters, have a broad and deep knowledge of political
education in the life of the nation and state.
Conclusion
The
role of political education for novice voters in the 2020 simultaneous regional
elections in Barru Regency is largely determined by
various parties, including: the family as an agent of socialization of
political education has a very important role, because the family is a source
of information for novice voters in understanding the evolving political
dynamics, both legislative elections, presidential elections and regional head
elections. Another party that plays a role in the political education of novice
voters is the environment in which they are active also plays a big role in
making the decision to choose the pair of candidates for regent and deputy
regent of Barru Regency in the 2020 Simultaneous
Regional Elections.
Factors supporting and inhibiting political education towards the participation
of novice voters in the 2020 simultaneous regional elections
in Barru Regency according
to the results of the study
show that the supporting factors
of novice voters in political activities are
the presence
of stimuli,
personal characteristics of a person, social characteristics,
situations (political environment), and political education itself
that can
influence a person
(novice voters) to
actively participate in
political activities. Meanwhile,
the inhibiting factors include
the busyness of daily
activities, inferiority, and prohibitions
from the
family (parents).
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Copyright holder: Andi Rosdianti Razak, Jaelan Usman, Rusdin Nawi (2022) |
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