Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia p�ISSN: 2541-0849 e-ISSN: 2548-1398
Vol. 7, No. 11, November
2022
CULTURAL SPECIFIC ITEMS ON TOURISM MENU IN THE CIREBON CITY GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL WEBSITE (INDONESIAN VERSION)
Nur Fadilah Kurnia, Eva Utami Durahman, Fedro Iswandi
English Literature, Institut Pendidikan dan Bahasa INVADA Cirebon, Indonesia
Email: [email protected], [email protected], and
[email protected]
Abstract
The
purpose of this research is to classify the category of Cirebon cultural
specific items category that found on the tourism menu on the website
www.cirebonkota.go.id. This research is a qualitative descriptive method. This
research used the theory of cultural specific items proposed by Pavlovic & Poslek (2003).
Data collection techniques are interviews and document analysis. The findings
of this study show that there are 144 data on Cirebon cultural specific items
which are divided into 11 categories, including ecology (5 data), everyday life
(31 data), material culture (10 data), religion (17 data), history (47 data),
education (1 data), the armed forces (2 data), political and administrative
functions and institutions (3 data), forms of address (9 data), work (1 data),
and leisure & entertainment (18 data). Based on these results, history is
the most frequently appearing category of the cultural specific item on the
website. This indicates that history is necessary to learn in order to grasp
historical differences and learn to be tolerant.
Keywords: Cirebonese Cultural Specific Items category, Pavlovic
& Poslek�s theory, Website, Semantics.
Introduction
Cirebon
is at a key location due to its proximity to Kejawanan
Beach, which can contribute to the growth of Java Island. It makes a lot of
people from around the world visit Cirebon via the port, whether for business
purposes or to preach a religion. The combination of Hindu, Chinese, and
Islamic cultures, is what distinguishes Cirebon. This occurred as a result of the
entry of foreign countries like China, the Netherlands, and the Middle East
into Cirebon. This makes variety and increases the cultural diversity of
Cirebon. The architecture of mosques, palace constructions, batik designs, and
other items show the impact of various cultures. These items indicate that
Cirebon provides a diverse range of fascinating cultures to go deeper into,
including culinary traditions, traditional dances, tourist sites, customs, and
history. Additionally, it is important to promote these cultures to increase
awareness of them among the local populations as well as among tourists.
The
establishment of a website is one of the government's initiatives to promote
the culture and tourism of Cirebon city. The government has made effective use
of this emerging information technology to offer the community services. The 2003 Presidential Instruction for
National Policies and Strategies for e-Government Development refers to the use of technology in the public sector as
"e-government." Almost all of Indonesia's city and district
administrations adhere to these regulations. The formal launch of the Cirebon
city government's website, www.cirebonkota.go.id, occurred in 2011. The profile
of the city, public facilities, news, social services, and tourism information
are all available on the official website of the Cirebon city government. Aside
from Indonesian, the website offers translation in nine other languages: Dutch,
French, Italian, German, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and English. This proves
that translating plays a big part in promoting the culture of Cirebon city on
the official website.
A
translator is someone who works on a task to translate the source language into
the target language, either spoken or written. Newmark (1988) states that aside from translating the source language
(SL) into the target language (TL), the translator must be able to determine
the correct interpretation of the content that was translated. Translators must
be capable of transferring the source language as naturally as possible into
the target language without being stiff. Meanwhile, Catford (1965) define a translator must also translate an equivalent that
is most similar to the target language equivalent while translating the source
language equivalent. A professional translator must be able to accurately and
correctly translate a source language into a target language without
compromising the original meaning. Being a translator is not always smooth, and
it carries a lot of responsibility in translating the message of a source text.
Many translation obstacles must be solved through the translation process
itself.
On
the other hand, a translator must be detailed and depth research to
interpret a single word. Choosing the proper equivalent for a cultural term is
often challenging for translators, especially when translating cultural
specific items. There are situations when a cultural specific
items in one language does not have the same meaning in the target
language. Newmark in (Pelawi, 2017), says that culture as the way of life and its
manifestations that are peculiar to community that uses a particular language
as its means of expression. It means that culture is an inseparable part of our
daily life. Besides that, Newmark (1988) also mentions that when a translation text discusses
something about a cultural topic, sometimes there are translations problem. It
is a cultural gap or �distance� between the source and target languages.
Each
culture has its own unique characteristics. Each language or language culture
in each nation has a unique set of behaviors, values, and categorization
systems. Bassnett in (Nugrawidhanti, 2019) states that a translator who translates a text into
another culture must consider the ideological aspects. Therefore, translation
means not just translating one language into another, but also transmitting a
culture. Baker (1992) also says that there are differences in the
grammatical characteristics of the source and target languages when translating
cultural concepts. So, while translating, the word structure may shift due to
the addition of information from the source language. These things prove that
culture is a factor in the field of translation that must also be considered by
translators. When translating a specific source language, the translator must
convey the message in both linguistic and cultural terms. Of course, this is a
challenge in the area of translation that the translator must resolve.
Pavlović &
Poslek (1998) presented another categorization of cultural specific
items that covers a broader variety of items than those proposed by
Newmark and whose full items were used to categorize CSIs in the current
study's text:
Table 1.
Pavlovic and Poslek�s Theory of Cultural Specific Items
|
No. |
Cultural
Specific Item |
Description |
|
1. |
Ecology |
Ecology
involves natural phenomena like winds, plains, hills, and geographical
elements like flora and fauna. |
|
2. |
Everyday Life |
The
various types of dwellings, home furnishings, food, beverages, clothing,
modes of transportation, and public services, particularly the names of
public service providers, are all part of daily life. |
|
3. |
Material Culture |
Products
with public recognition in the target culture are considered to be part of
the material culture, particularly trademarks. |
|
4. |
History |
This
category covers historical events, institutions, functions, personalities,
literature, including many characters from well-known works of art in the
source culture, famous quotes, folklore, and tradition. |
|
5. |
Religion |
This
section covers all religious customs, traditions, events, dress codes, and
ornaments used during prayer. |
|
6. |
Economy |
Some
concepts including the stock exchange, money market, equity or commodities. |
|
7. |
Political and administrative Functions and Institutions |
Some
concepts including the western democracies. |
|
8. |
The Armed Force |
This category involves the army forces, battlefield, the
ranks in army, weapons, tactics and formations. |
|
9. |
Education |
In this section,
discuss about the differences in the education system in each country. |
|
10. |
Forms of Address |
Forms
of address involves titles in front of people�s names, such as dr., mr., prof., lord, lady, Sir, etc. |
|
11. |
Gestures and Habits |
Gestures
and habits that has meaning in a certain language. For example, an Croatian
greeting ljubim ruke (lit. I kiss your hand.), which shows the
gesture of the time, but has no equivalent in English. |
|
12. |
Work |
This
area is closely connected to economy. |
|
13. |
Leisure and Entertainment |
Leisure
and entertainment covers sports (cricket, rugby), games, places where people
go out (pub), things they do (kareaoke). |
Method
This
study used a qualitative descriptive approach. As stated by Fraenkel et al. (2012),
a qualitative method is research that investigates phenomena, activities,
people's interactions, and materials. Qualitative research techniques may be
defined as research conducted in natural settings with the goal of discovering
patterns of relationships and gaining a grasp of the study's significance. Nugrahani (2014), also added that descriptive-qualitative research is when
researchers give detailed, full, and in-depth descriptions of data, which is
often data in the form of words, phrases, or images. Based on Fraenkel et al.
(2012), content analysis is a type of study that collects data
from indirect communication such as novels, essays, music, magazines,
commercials, photographs, textbooks, newspapers, and so on. Furthermore,
content analysis seeks to identify communication patterns intended at readers.
The
source data of this research is the Cirebon city government�s official website (www.cirebonkota.go.id) on tourism menu in Indonesian version. There are 4
sub-menus on the tourism menu such as tourist attraction, culinary, hotels
& inn, and regional art and culture. While, for the regional art and
culture, it is divided into 5 parts like Cirebon sintren
dance, Cirebon site, Cirebon special crafts, Cirebon puppet, and Cirebon mask
dance. The researcher analyzed all of those web contents on the sub-menus.
This
study's unit analysis is at the level of words and phrases. In addition,
the researcher also used some books, journals, direct interview, informations or documents from official websites as the
secondary data. Furthermore, the researcher chose interview and document
analysis as the technique of data collection. The researcher conducted
interview with abdi dalem, one
who assists the sultan in the palace.
The informant is Raden Mungal
Kartaningrat, an abdi dalem from Kasepuhan
palace. According to Bowen (2009), document analysis is structured method for reviewing and
evaluating documents such as printed or electronic documents that contain text
or images to gain understanding.
According
to Sugiyono (2013), data analysis techniques by Spradley
is the process of the data collection and data analysis techniques were carried
out simultaneously. The collected data of this research are analyzed by doing
some following steps. They were as follows: 1) The researcher read all the
tourism menus nn the Cirebon city government�s
official website in the Indonesian version, 2) The researcher identified� the words and phrases that included to Cirebonese Cultural Specific Items category on the tourism
menu of the website in Indonesian version, 3) The researcher selected and coded
on all the data of Cirebonese Cultural Specific Items
category that found on the website, 4) The researcher categorized all of the
data and analyzed them one by one based on the Pavlovic
& Poslek�s theory (2003).
Figure 1.
Cirebon City
Government Official Website
Results and Discussion
In
this part, the results are separated into two sections: Result and Discussion.
The results of the analysis is related to the problem stated previously
covering the category of cultural specific items in the first section.
Furthermore, the second section describes each analysis results with an example
from each problem.
Result
In
this section, the researcher explains the results of the data that found on the
tourism menu of Cirebon city government website (www.cirebonkota.go.id). It has 144 data based on Pavlovic
and Poslek�s theory. In the table below, all of the
data represent the frequency of occurrence of the cultural specific items
category.
Table 2.
The Result of Cultural Specific Items Found on Tourism Menu
in the Cirebon City Government Official Website
|
No. |
Cultural Specific Items |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
1. |
Ecology |
5 |
3,47% |
|
2. |
Everyday Life |
31 |
21,52% |
|
3. |
Material Culture |
10 |
6,94% |
|
4. |
History |
47 |
32,63% |
|
5. |
Religion |
17 |
11,80% |
|
6. |
Political and Administrative
Functions and Institutions |
3 |
2,08% |
|
7. |
The Armed Forces |
2 |
2,88% |
|
8. |
Education |
1 |
0,69% |
|
9. |
Forms of Address |
9 |
6,25% |
|
10. |
Work |
1 |
0,69% |
|
11. |
Leisure and Entertainment |
18 |
12,5% |
|
Total |
144 |
100% |
|
Based
on the table above, there are 11 cultural specific items categories found on
the tourism menu in the Cirebon city government official website such as
ecology, everyday life, material culture, history, religion, political and
administrative functions and institutions, the armed forces, education, forms
of address, work, and leisure and entertainment. After analyzing 144 data, it
was discovered that the most appeared cultural specific item categories on the
tourism menu of Cirebon city government�s official website was history
consisted of 47 data (32,63%), followed by everyday life with 31 data (21,52%),
and the third was leisure and entertainment that used in 18 data (12,5%).
History is the most frequently occurring category on the website, with 47 data.
According to Wineburg (Anis, 2015), thinking historically about history means figuring out
how to map the future and the past. This indicates that when studying history,
we are not only discussing the past but also the present and looking at the
future. The past determines the present, and the present determines the future.
It means that is very essential to study history so that we can understand the
differences in the past and learn how to tolerate them. Moreover, the least
appeared cultural specific item categories on the website was education and
work with 1 data (0,69%) and the armed forces appeared in 2 data (2,88%). This
shows that the city of Cirebon has a diverse culture from various fields that
can attract tourists through content on the government's official website.
Discussion
In
this section, the researcher will describe the results of a study that
discovered on tourism menu of the Cirebon city government's official website (www.cirebonkota.go.id). The researcher only took several data from each
category. The following are the data and their explanations based on the
category:
1. Ecology
There
are 3 kinds of ecological categories found, namely beach, flora and fauna. The
example data as follow:
Data Code����� : 050/SL/TA
Word/Phrase : Pantai Kejawanan merupakan salah satu daya tarik
wisata bahari di Kota
Cirebon
According
to the data above, the term �Pantai Kejawanan� is included in the ecology category because
it is categorized as having the nature aspect; it is beach. Based on Handayani et al.
(2021). Kejawanan beach is a tourist
attraction located in Lemahwungkuk district, Cirebon
city, West Java. The visitors can go around enjoying the scenery by using the
fishermen�s boats and enjoy the culinary around the beach. Kejawanan
Beach is also a source of livelihood for fishermen because they can find fish,
squid, shrimp, and other marine animals there.
2. Everyday Life
There
are 5 kinds of everyday life categories found on the tourism menu of the
website. There are foods & beverages, transportations, public services,
dwellings, and household appliances. The example data as follow:
Data Code����� : 048/SL/TA
Word/Phrase : Pedati Gede Pekalanganmerupakan salah satu benda
bersejarah yang memiliki 3 pasang roda belakang
berdiameter 2,5 m dan sepasang roda berukuran
kecil pada bagian kursinya.
Based
on the data above, the phrase �Pedati Gede Pekalangan� is the
cultural specific item with the everyday life category which is transportation.
The word "pedati"
is a cart that can be used with horse, buffalo, or ox power. According to Nansha et al.
(2021), �Pedati Gede Pekalangan� is a historical artifact found in the Pekalangan area of Cirebon City. The cart is one of
Cirebon's oldest vehicles. It was created between 1445 and 1479, during the
reign of Prince Walangsungsang. Aside from being a
means of transportation, the cart was also used for transporting large items.
3. Material Culture
There
are 2 kinds of material culture categories found on the tourism menu of the
website. There are trademarks and some craft products. The example data as
follow:
Data Code����� : 113/SL/ RAC
Word/Phrase������������ : Mulai dari wisata sejarah, wisata religius hingga wisata kuliner
semua tersedia di Kota yang
kerap sekali dijuluki dengan Kota Udangatau Kota Wali.
From
the sentence above, the cultural specific items is �kota wali�. Cirebon is also referred to as
the "kota wali".
Based on (Anita, 2016), the word �wali� or �waliyullah� in Arabic means one who loves and is loved by
Allah SWT. Meanwhile, �the word �songo� in Javanese
means nine. So, walisongo are nine figures who spread Islamic
teachings on the Indonesian island of Java. Sunan
Gunung Jati is a figure who
spread Islamic knowledge in Cirebon (Hariyanto, 2016). Sheikh Syarifhidyatullah, or Sunan Gunung Jati
is also the first king of Kasepuhan Palace. Islamic
ideas have been taught and ingrained in the daily lives of the society by Sunan Gunung Jati.
He is one of the figure that famous in Cirebon city. Therefore, the data is
included in the trademark with the category of material culture because many
people know that the term is intended for the city of Cirebon.
4. History
There
are 5 kinds of history category found on the tourism menu of the website. There
are historical events, historical places like buildings or rooms,
personalities, historical calendars, ancient literatures, ancient scripts,
characters from art works & traditions. The example data as follow:
Data Code����� : 024/SL/TA
Word/Phrase : Adapun prasasti tahun berdirinya Keraton Kanoman terdapat pada pintu
Pandopa Jinem yang menuju ke ruangan Perbayaksa, di pintu tersebut terpahat gambar angkaSurya Sangkala & Chandra Sangkala
dengan pengertian sebagai berikut :
Data Code����� : 025/SL/TA
Word/Phrase : Adapun prasasti tahun berdirinya Keraton Kanoman terdapat pada pintu Pandopa
Jinem yang menuju ke ruangan Perbayaksa, di pintu tersebut terpahat gambar angka Surya Sangkala & Chandra Sangkala
dengan pengertian sebagai berikut :
Based
on the data above, those data are included in historical calendars of history
category. The data with the code 024/SL/TA has a cultural specific item, namely
"Surya Sangkala"
which comes from Sanskrit. "Surya"
means sun, and "sangkala"
means time. According to Raden Mungal
Kartaningrat, �surya sangkala� is a time calculation based on
the sun. The number is a symbol for the year or time the object was created. Surya trumpets the turn of the clock at
12 o'clock in the evening. Meanwhile, "Chandra
Sangkala" is a cultural term from the data
with the code 025/SL/TA. The phrase comes from the Sanskrit "Chandra" meaning moon and "Sangkala"
meaning time. So, "Chandra Sangkala" is a time calculation based on the moon.
The number is a symbol for the year or time the object was created. The hour
shift in the calculation of "Chandra
Sangkala" is marked with the time after Asr or Muslim worship time in the afternoon (interview,
July 19, 2022).
5. Religion
The
researcher found some ideas of religion category such as events or activities,
way of worship, dress codes or ornaments, and buildings. The example data as
follow:
Data Code����� : 064/SL/TA
Word/Phrase : Alat Musik Rebana dan
gembyung ini dimainkan saat ada acara hari raya Idul Adha
(raya agung), acara muludan
dan acara nikahan ataupun khitanan isinya berupa shalawat.
According
to the sentence above, �acara muludan� is the cultural specific item and included in
events or activities of religion category. �Acara
muludan� is an event to commemorate the birth of
Prophet Muhammad on the 12th of Rabiul Awal in the Hijriyah calendar in
the city of Mecca. Based on Munawwir in (Yunus, 2019), the word �maulid� in Arabic means birthday. The commemoration of the
Prophet�s birthday in Indonesia was first brought by Sunan Kalijaga.
Sunan Kalijaga spread Islam
in East Java by using art and cultural media, one of which was commemorating
the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. The celebration is carried out to
attract people to embrace Islam.
In addition, each region has a
different way of celebrating the birthday of the Prophet. They read the verses
of the Qur�an, read a brief of history of the life and struggle of the Prophet,
chanted shalawat
or prayers together. Meanwhile, in Yogyakarta, there is the Sekaten
tradition, which is a celebration of the Prophet's birthday by performing
rituals for bathing heirlooms such as kris, spears,
and others. The event was held once, seven days before the commemoration of the
Prophet Muhammad SAW's birthday (Al-Fajriyati, 2019).
6. Political and Administrative Functions and Institutions
The
researcher only found idea of this category, it is administrative functions.
The example data as follow:
Data Code����� : 018/SL/TA
Word/Phrase : Keraton kasepuhan berada di wilayah kelurahan Kasepuhan, kecamatan Lemahwungkuk.
According
to the sentence above, the word �kecamatan� is the cultural specific item of the data. The division of territory in Indonesia
is divided into several administrative levels, starting from the province,
regency/city, district, and sub-district/village. District is an administrative
area whose government is under the regency and city government. The district
consists of several kelurahan and villages. In
addition, based on KBBI Daring,
the "kecamatan"
is headed by a "camat"
or district head.
7. The Armed Forces
There
is only one idea of the armed forces category, it is weapons. The example data
as follow:
Data Code����������������� : 035/SL/TA
Word/Phrase : Di dalam pendopo terdapat
berbagai macam peninggalan yang tersimpan rapi dalam etalase,
diantaranya ada keris, pedang, buku, beberapa
guci pemberian negara tetangga, uang kuno / uang
bolong, perlengkapan perang, gamelan, hingga koleksi baju pengantin.
According
to the data shown above. The term "keris" is categorized as the armed forces. Keris is a
traditional Indonesian weapon, particularly in the Java Island region. Keris has a distinctive
form that is curving, short, and pointed at the tip. Based on Raden Mungal Kartaningrat,
during the colonial period, it was employed to fight against invaders. Keris is composed
of metal and has a variety of beautiful features. Because the ancients lacked
advanced weaponry, they utilized a dagger to stab their opponents while
fighting. There is no battle at the present moment; the kris is mainly utilized as a collection item or room
decoration (interview, July 19, 2022).
8. Education
The
researcher only found 1 data about the education category of cultural specific
items on tourism menu in the official website of Cirebon city government. The
following is the data of this category:
Data Code����� : 056/SL/TA
Word/Phrase : Kesenian dan Kebudayaan Kampung Benda sangat dikenal dengan keagamaannya dan religinya, karena banyak sekali
pondok-pondok pesantren
disini.
According
to the data above, the term "pondok" derives from the Arabic "funduq,"
which indicates a sleeping chamber, an inn, or a dormitory. Nevertheless, the
word "pesantren"
is derived from the word "santri". The term "shastri� means "teacher who
understands Hindu religious books" in Tamil or Indian (Mahdi, 2013). Pondok pesantren is
defined as an Islamic educational institution where students live in
dormitories and are taught by a "kyai," or
Islamic religious expert. As a result, the data is classified as cultural
specific item, particularly education.
9. Forms of Addres
The
researcher found 2 ideas of forms of address category such as nobility title
and informal title. The example data as follow:
Data Code����� : 008/SL/TA
Word/Phrase : Syekh Syarif Hidayatullah pada 1529 M atau
1451 tahun saka oleh PangeranMasMochammad Arifin II bergelar Panembahan Pakungwati I
(cicit dari Sunan Gunung Jati)
yang menggantikan tahta dari Sunan Gunung
Jati pada tahun 1506, beliau bersemayam di dalem Agung Pakungwati Cirebon.
Based
on the sentence above, the term "panembahan" is
categorized as cultural specific item which is a title of Javanese
nobility. According to Raden Mungal
Kartaningrat, �panembahan� refers to the person
or leader who has the most authority in the Islamic kingdom of Java. The panembahan
position has the same status as the king. There are three periods in Kasepuhan palace: wali period (when Sunan Gunung Jati or Syarief Hidayatullah led Kasepuhan palace), panembahan
period, and sultan period. As a result, panembahan is
a phrase used for the king during the panembahan
period. (interview, July 19, 2022). The term "Panembahan Pakungwati I" refers to the first
king of the panembahan period.
10. Work
In
this category, researchers only found 1 data included on the official website
of the Cirebon city government. This is the following data:
Data Code����� : 069/SL/TA
Word/Phrase : Lokasinya berada di tempat kuliner pedagang kaki lima
(PKL) di depan Pasar Kramat, samping Gedung Bank BJB Kota Cirebon.
According
to the sentence above, the phrase "pedagang kaki lima
(PKL)" is categorized as cultural specific item of work�s category.
The term "pedagang kaki lima" is an Indonesian word
that refers to sellers who sell in front of stores or on the side of the road
(sidewalks) that should be utilized by walkers. "Pedagang kaki lima" is particularly well-known for its use of "gerobak" or
carts, which are two, three, or four-wheeled implements or vehicles that may be
driven by either animals or people. The phrase "kaki lima" or "five
legs" refers to the three wheels of the gerobak as well as the two legs
of the salesperson who sells items around the gerobak. The phrase
of "pedagang kaki lima (PKL)" was
found during the Dutch colonial era of Stanford Raffles (Nurhadi, 2019).
11. Leisure and Entertainment
There
are 6 kinds of leisure & entertainment categories found on the tourism menu
of the website. There are events, shows, marital arts, amusement arts,
performer of traditional art show, and music instruments. This is the following
data:
Data Code����� : 095/SL/RAC
Word/Phrase: Kesenian tari sintren pada mulanya dipentaskan pada waktu yang sunyi di saat malam
bulan purnama karena kesenian tari ini berhubungan
dengan roh halus yang masuk ke dalam sang penari, namun kini
pementasan tari sintren tidak lagi dilakukan pada malam bulan purnama
melainkan dapat juga dipentaskan pada siang hari dan
bertujuan untuk menghibur wisatawan serta memeriahkan acara hajatan.
According
to the sentence above, the word "tari sintren" refers to a cultural specific item. It is
categoriezed as shows of leisure and entertainment
category. Based on Noorhayati in (Wati, 2017), Sintren consists of two
syllables, "sinyo"
meaning "youth" and "trennen" meaning "practice�. The term "sintren" is
a mixture of two Javanese words: "si" which means "she" and "tren", which
derives from "tri" or
"putri",
which means "putri"
or "princess." As a result, the word "sintren" refers to a
princess or a dancer. Sintren dance is a traditional
dance performance that originated and grew on the North Coast of Java Island,
as well as in areas such as Indramayu, Cirebon, and Kuningan in western Central Java and the eastern part of
West Java. Like the meaning of the name, this performance shows a dancing
girl wearing a particular Javanese traditional outfit and black
sunglasses. Putra, (2019) also mentions that the sintren
dancer must be a girl who has not yet had her period. The female dancer will
enter a chicken cage constructed of bamboo and fabric before performing. The sintren dance is distinguished by the presence of a
mystical element in the performance. A guy or the handler will recite a spell
when the female dancer is restrained. The female dancer's outfit will change
once the cage is opened. A spirit has taken possession of the lady, which is
also known as a �trance�. The Sintren dance is
normally done on a full moon night, but in order to attract more guests, it can
now be performed during the day.
Conclusion
Based
on the research purpose, this study provided the findings of the research
purpose. The purpose of this research was to identify the categories of Cirebonese cultural specific items on tourism menu of
the Cirebon city government's official website. According to the findings of
the data analysis and discussion in the previous menu, there are 11 categories
of cultural specific items on the website, including ecology, everyday
life, material culture, history, religion, political and administrative
functions and institutions, the armed forces, education, forms of address, and
leisure & entertainment. The three most popular cultural specific item
categories discovered on the website are history, everyday life, and leisure
& entertainment. This demonstrates that Cirebon has a diverse historical
and cultural background, customs, traditions, and attractive entertainments
from a variety of areas. It also indicates that it is very necessary to
study history so that we may realize the differences in the past and learn how
to tolerate them. Nevertheless, two categories of cultural specific items
are lacking from the website: economics and gestures and behaviors. This study
is concerned with tourism and entertainment. Meanwhile, the economic
category is associated with stock exchanges, money markets, and commodities,
the two categories cannot be discovered. However, gestures and habits are
related to human interactions and habits.
In
accordance with the findings of this study, it is significant for a website
content writer to comprehend the cultural specific item theory because it will
help them write content and avoid including incorrect information. Each
cultural specific item from each region has a deep meaning and a
distinctive definition, thus the information must be gathered from an
expert or a credible source. As a result, understanding the theory of cultural
specific item is critical to avoiding fatal errors in writing.
