Syntax
Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia p–ISSN: 2541-0849 e-ISSN: 2548-1398
Vol. 7, No. 11, November 2022
MODERATING ROLE OF MOBILE PAYMENT
TECHNOLOGY THAT INFLUENCE INTENTION TO USE OF MOBILE PAYMENT IN INDONESIA
Atika Febrianti, Noris Subekti, Wahyu Aji
Master Management Blended Learning, Binus Business School, Jakarta, Indonesia
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstrak
Penelitian
ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki peran moderasi teknologi pembayaran seluler
dalam mempengaruhi niat penggunaan pembayaran seluler di Indonesia. Mengingat
adopsi teknologi pembayaran seluler yang semakin meningkat di Indonesia,
penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana faktor-faktor tertentu dapat
mempengaruhi niat individu untuk menggunakan pembayaran seluler, dengan
teknologi pembayaran seluler sebagai variabel moderator. Metode penelitian ini
menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan survei online. Sampel
penelitian terdiri dari individu pengguna pembayaran seluler di Indonesia.
Instrumen survei yang digunakan mencakup skala pengukuran untuk mengukur
variabel niat penggunaan pembayaran seluler, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi
niat, dan teknologi pembayaran seluler sebagai variabel moderator. Hasil
analisis data menunjukkan bahwa teknologi pembayaran seluler memiliki peran
moderasi yang signifikan dalam mempengaruhi hubungan antara faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi niat penggunaan pembayaran seluler di Indonesia. Hasil ini
memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang bagaimana penggunaan teknologi
pembayaran seluler dapat memperkuat atau melemahkan pengaruh faktor-faktor lain
terhadap niat penggunaan pembayaran seluler. Penelitian ini memiliki implikasi
penting bagi industri pembayaran seluler di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini
dapat membantu perusahaan dan penyedia layanan pembayaran seluler untuk
memahami faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi niat penggunaan dan mengoptimalkan
penggunaan teknologi pembayaran seluler untuk meningkatkan adopsi dan kepuasan
pengguna.
Kata
Kunci: Mobile payment technology, Intention to use, Indonesia.
Abstract
The research aims to investigate the moderating role of mobile payment
technology in influencing the intention to use mobile payment in Indonesia.
Given the increasing adoption of mobile payment technology in Indonesia, this
study seeks to understand how specific factors can influence individuals'
intention to use mobile payment, with mobile payment technology as the
moderating variable. The research methodology employs a quantitative approach
using an online survey. The research sample consists of mobile payment users in
Indonesia. The survey instrument includes measurement scales to assess the
variables of intention to use mobile payment, factors influencing intention,
and mobile payment technology as the moderating variable. The data analysis
results indicate that mobile payment technology has a significant moderating
role in influencing the relationship between factors affecting the intention to
use mobile payment in Indonesia. These findings provide a better understanding
of how the use of mobile payment technology can strengthen or weaken the
influence of other factors on the intention to use mobile payment. This
research has important implications for the mobile payment industry in
Indonesia. The findings can assist companies and mobile payment service
providers in understanding the factors influencing intention to use and
optimizing the use of mobile payment technology to enhance user adoption and
satisfaction.
Keywords: Mobile payment technology, Intention to use, Indonesia.
Introduction
The new way
of living during Covid 19 pandemic provides opportunity for the increase of
mobile payment services around the world, including Indonesia. This is
supported by the existence of various mobile payment service in Indonesia even
before the pandemic. Based on research that was done by PWC in 2019 to 21.480
respondent across several countries, it was revealed that 47% of respondent in
Indonesia has used mobile payment in 2019 and make Indonesia as the fourth
highest country that used mobile payment
Understanding
the strength and weakness of the different mobile payment technology along with
the consumer behaviour intention to use the technology will be valuable for the
industry to improves further development and enhance the effectiveness of the
services that the technology provides. The study even more relevant to be
conducted nowadays because many consumers are forced to shift their payment
method from cash to non-cash payment due to the Covid 19 pandemic. There has
been many research available that study the intention to use mobile payment.
However, there are still few studies which conducted during the Covid 19
pandemic in Indonesia, especially which using mobile payment technology as
moderating variable.
Mobile payment can be defined as any type of individual or business
activity involving an electronic device with connection to a mobile network
enabling successful completion of an economic transaction (de Luna et al., 2019). Several research have been conducted to study behavioural intention to
use mobile payment technology. Li et al, (2019) conduct study of individual
intention to use Alipay in China. It resulted that intention to use is
primarily affected by perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and risk
perception. The result also similar with study conducted by Kalinic et al.,
(2019) using multi-analytical approach to P2P (peer to peer) as one of the
mobile payment technology which shown that perceived usefulness is the
strongest antecedents of intention to use and subjective norms is one of the
variables that most influences the intention to adopt technology. Contradicting
with previous study from Li et al., (2019), de Luna et al., (2019), and Liébana-Cabanillas et al., (2020), research
conducted by Al-Saedi et al., (2020) concluded that perceived risk has an
insignificance negative influence on the behavioural intention to use mobile
payment. A contradicting result also shown
in the study from de Luna et al., (2019) which indicated that relationship
between ease of use and attitude for specific mobile payment technology of NFC
and QR systems are not significant.
Furthermore, the study conducted by de Luna et al., (2019) using three specific types
of technology (SMS,QR Code and NFC) demonstrated that the model of mobile
payment behaviour simply cannot be implemented in a global way and the proposed
relationship in the model are indicated with different intensity depending the
system payment under study. In the context of current Covid-19 Pandemic, a
study conducted by Yan et al., (2021) suggested that the use of QR code in
mobile payment in the retailing industry may decrease due to the force of
physical interactions restriction
among people. Even though there are various technology for mobile payment, most
of the research only focus to one mobile payment technology to study the factor
of mobile payment adoption. There is lack of study conducted in Indonesia which
using more than one mobile payment system technology simultaneously into one
proposed framework to study the user’s intention to use.
As per contextual of pandemic Covid 19, Indonesia government through Bank
of Indonesia (BI) has declared strategic step, which one of it is to encourage
society to switch from using cash to
non-cash payment system (Ini
Sederet Kebijakan BI Mendorong Transaksi Digital Di Tengah Pandemi Corona,
2020). This disrupted pandemic situation occurred currently is clearly
different with the condition from
the previous study to seek intention to use of mobile payment was conducted
using framework such as TAM or UTAUT. Heuvel (2020) stated that “the extremely disrupting impact of Covid-19 pandemic causes
theories and models that used to be helpful in studying and explaining
technological acceptance and technology use to suddenly become obsolete (at
least partially)”. Hence, we consider the urge and propose the novelty to
conduct this study by using mobile payment technology as moderating variable
for user’s intention to work and to identify whether the variables from TAM are
still relevant with the Covid 19 pandemic situation in Indonesia market.
This study seeks to make several contributions to the literature. First,
from a theoretical perspective, the study is significant in adopting TAM within
the context of disruptive situation of Covid-19 pandemic which may cause a change in the technological
acceptance. Furthermore, mobile payment technology as a moderating variable is
under-researched and this study will provide breakthrough result in the context
of mobile payment. Secondly, from a practical perspective, the result from this
study will provide insight to the mobile payment services companies to focus on
factors that affect user’s intention to use especially during the pandemic and
provide direction when the company set direction on establishing type of mobile
payment technology for Indonesia market. This insight, in turn, will help the
mobile payment service companies to develop R&D and marketing strategies.
In this study, empirical research will be conducted using original TAM
framework and add two mobile payment technology which are mobile wallet and
mobile banking that will act as moderating variable to intention to use. Thus,
we structured our research question and objective as follow:
Literature Review
A. Perceived
Ease of Use
From the original TAM,
Davis identified two distinct of beliefs, perceived usefulness and perceived
ease of use, which based on his research it is sufficient to predict the
attitude of as user toward a system. Based on study from King & He (2006),
which conducted a statistical meta-analysis of TAM as applied in various
fields, showed that TAM to be a valid and robust model that has been widely
used, thus implying its potential for wider applicability.
According to Davis,
perceived ease of use defined as the degree to which the person believes that
using the particular system would be free of effort
The effect of perceived
ease of use of a product have been demonstrated in some studies, which shown the
relationship between perceived ease of use, attitude, and intention to use.
Study from Liebana-Cabanillas et.al. (2020) resulted that the two key factors
of TAM, perceived ease of use & perceived usefulness, have significant
influences on the intention to use mobile payment services, whereby the effect
of perceived of use have significant influences compare to the previous study
in developing country
Accordingly, we propose the following research hypothesis :
H1 : Perceived ease of use
has positive impact on attitude
H2 : Perceived ease of use has positive impact on
perceived usefulness
B.
Perceived Usefulness
Other variable from TAM
is perceived usefulness, which defines as the degree to which the person
believes that using the particular system would enhance his/ her job
performance
In the field of mobile
payment system, there were several research conducted which demonstrated the
role of perceived usefulness that is determined by external variable and become
a mediating variable that can influence attitude. Study by Chauhan (2015) on
the acceptance of mobile money for poor citizens in India resulted that the
perceived usefulness of m-money was found significantly impacting attitude to
use it. The implication of this study is that if poor people are made aware of
the usefulness of m-money, it will provide a “push” factor to use it as
“significance precedes momentum”
Based on the preceding
findings, we propose the following
hypothesis :
H3 : Perceived usefulness
has positive impact on attitude
H4 : Perceived usefulness has positive impact on
intention to use
C.
Attitude
According to Azjen,
attitude toward behavior is a positive or negative evaluation of performing
that behavior
Attitude
is important
when studying consumer behavior because most of its models view attitudes as a
key variable that could influence the consumer behavior (Verma & Sinha,
2017). In the context of this study, it is
expected that attitude facilitate transactions and favor the intention to use
mobile payment system. It is an essential determinant factor related to the
question of intention to use a new payment system, as it express a significant
effect on the intention to use for 3 mobile payment services
Attitude
is positively influenced by perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use and
it can be strengthened by advocating the benefit of those 2 variables (Lin,
2011). Based on the study from Chauhan (2015),
once the users have attitude towards using m-money, the behavior intention to
use will follow as per the result of the study. Similar with the previous study, research from Verma & Sinha (2017)
indicated that perceived ease of use does not directly impact intention to use
but it is mediated by attitude. Furthermore, the study also suggests that if
the attitude is favorable then the perceived ease of use will be higher. Thus,
we propose the following hypothesis:
H5 : Attitude mediates the relationship between perceived ease of
use and perceived usefulness to intention to use
D. Intention to Use
Intention
is the indicator of an individual’s readiness to perform a given behavior
(Fishben & Ajzen, 1975). In the theoretical model, Fishbein and Ajzen
referred the intention that a person has prior to actual behavior as the
behavioral intention of that person and defined it as a measure of one’s
intention to perform behavior
According to Davis, the
magnitude of users perceives the usefulness of a system provides the prediction
for their intention
to use the information technology and it is regarding how a person thinks
mobile payment services would benefit and improve their lifestyle. In the
context of our research, we consider that the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of
the payment system will influence the intention to use through user’s attitude
toward the payment system.
E. Mobile payment technology
There are several different mobile
payment technology that are now available and some of it are more used than
another. Based on study from iPrice (2020), applications such as GoPay, Ovo, Dana, & LinkAja which
categorized as mobile wallet become the top four mobile payment provider. While
some mobile banking such as CIMB, JakOne also listed in one of the top 10.
Only very few studies that use
specific mobile payment technology as the research variable. One of this few is
study from Liebana-Cabanillas et.al. (2017) that focuses on the two largest
current mobile systems of payment, which are SMS that is remote and Near Field
Communication (NFC) that required close proximity. The major variable regarding
the intention to use both payment system is attitude, however the degrees of
important factor for mobile payment adoption might be differ from one to
another. Other similar research conducted by de Luna et.al (2018) comparing 3
mobile payment technology of SMS, NFC, & QR. It resulted a significant
difference in the relationship between certain variables of the structural
models, which confirm the hypothesis that the user behaviour towards the
proposed payment system differ from one to another.
The novelty of our research lies in
the formulation of mobile payment technology that moderates the relationship
between attitude to intention to use. Therefore, we put forward the following
research hypothesis:
H6: Mobile payment technology
moderates the relationship between attitude and intention to use
Below is the framework model for the 6 hypothesis.
Figure 1
Framework model of the study
Research Methode
A. Research Design
In order to evaluate the factor that influence the adoption of
mobile payment, we will use the research strategies of survey to
obtain the information from respondent. This is a popular strategy that used in research, and the reason
the researcher used this is due to its capability to collect data on many types
of research question. A self-administered questionnaire will be developed to
measure the variables exist in this study. The survey will contain similar and
only differs as the proposed payment system. We believe that using this
method will achieve the purpose of
our study as it provides the most cost &
time efficient method for the researcher due to its ability to reach many
respondents in one time frame of data collection.
B. Sampling Method & Sample Size
Our relevant targeted population are those
who ever use at least one mobile payment technology,
either mobile wallet, or mobile banking, at least once in the past one month.
This is to ensure that the sample taken has direct experience in using mobile
payment and resulted in a more valid & reliable data. The parameter
that the study would like to investigate is based on the hypothesis that we
have defined using 5 variables; perceive ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude,
intention to use, and mobile payment technology.
The study will not use a specific sampling frame, as
representativeness is not critical for the study. Due to the time
frame that explain earlier, the study wants to obtain a quick, convenient, and
less expensive data, therefore we will use convenience sampling. In order to establish the representativeness of the sample,
we will use the approach from Krejcie & Morgan which simplified the sample size
decision by referring to a table that under certain circumstances ensures a
good decision model (Bougie & Sekaran,
2020). Therefore, we will use the reference sample of 384 as listed
in Krejcie & Morgan table for population of 1 million.
This is aligned with one of the rules of thumb from Roscoe which mentioned
that the sample size of 30 and less than 500 are appropriate for most
research (Bougie & Sekaran, 2020).
C. Method of Data Collection & Proposed Data Analysis
In order to study the proposed framework,
self-administered questionnaires were made and filled out by the respondents.
The questionnaires conducted in Bahasa Indonesia in the form of electronic
questionnaire using Google form. We would like to take the advantage of the
electronic questionnaire for practical purposes such as, convenience of the
respondents to answer the question and easy to administer (Bougie & Sekaran, 2020). This will be
relevant to the current pandemic condition where there is a limitation for
mobility, and people makes the most use of the ability of the internet to do
their daily activities. Prior to the actual data gathering, the
questionnaires was subjected to a pilot
test with 30 respondents, to ensure its reliability and validity.
The questionnaire will use a 5-point Likert scale ranging
from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The
survey instruments comprised as 17 items.
Table 1
Questionnaire’s Item
|
Construct |
Operational Definition |
Items Questionnaire |
Indikator |
Sources |
|
Perceived ease of use |
The degree to which the person believes that using the particular
system would be free of effort |
Mudah untuk menjadi terampil dalam menggunakan aplikasi mobile payment |
X11 |
de Luna, I. R., Liébana-Cabanillas, F., Sánchez-Fernández, J., &
Muñoz-Leiva, F. (2019) |
|
Interaksi menggunakan aplikasi mobile payment adalah jelas |
X12 |
|||
|
Interaksi menggunakan aplikasi mobile payment mudah dipahami |
X13 |
|||
|
Mudah untuk mengikuti semua langkah dalam aplikasi mobile payment |
X14 |
|||
|
Mudah untuk berinteraksi dengan aplikasi mobile payment |
X15 |
|||
|
Perceived usefulness |
The degree to which the person believes that the particular system
would enhance his/her job performance |
Mobile payment adalah cara pembayaran yang bermanfaat |
X21 |
de Luna, I. R., Liébana-Cabanillas, F., Sánchez-Fernández, J., &
Muñoz-Leiva, F. (2019) |
|
Penggunaan mobile payment memudahkan proses pembayaran |
X22 |
|||
|
Mobile payment yang saya gunakan mempercepat penggunaan aplikasi
mobile saya |
X23 |
|||
|
Saya yakin mobile payment system yang saya gunakan membantu keputusan
saya untuk berbelanja |
X24 |
|||
|
Attitude |
A positive or negative evaluation of performing that behaviour |
Penggunaan mobile payment adalah ide yang bagus |
X31 |
de Luna, I. R., Liébana-Cabanillas, F., Sánchez-Fernández, J., & Muñoz-Leiva,
F. (2019) |
|
Penggunaan mobile payment membuat saya nyaman |
X32 |
|||
|
Penggunaan mobile payment bermanfaat untuk saya |
X33 |
|||
|
Penggunaan mobile payment cukup menarik untuk saya |
X34 |
|||
|
Intention to use |
Intention that a person has prior to actual behaviour as the
behavioural intention of that person, and defined it as a measure of one's
intention to perform behaviour |
Jika terdapat kesempatan, saya akan selalu menggunakan mobile payment |
Y1 |
de Luna, I. R., Liébana-Cabanillas, F., Sánchez-Fernández, J., &
Muñoz-Leiva, F. (2019) |
|
Saya kemungkinan besar akan selalu menggunakan mobile payment dalam
waktu dekat |
Y2 |
|||
|
Saya terbuka untuk menggunakan mobile payment dalam waktu dekat |
Y3 |
|||
|
Saya berniat menggunakan mobile payment ketika ada kesempatan |
Y4 |
Two
approaches of data analysis, descriptive and quantitative, will be used in this
study. Descriptive analysis can offer a further explanation with respondent
demographics and characteristics, which will give us more understanding of the
user’s intention to use. For quantitative analysis, we use PLS-SEM to test the
validity and reliability of the data. Validity is a test of how well an
instrument that is developed measures the particular concept it is intended to
measure while reliability is a test of how consistently a measuring instrument
measures whatever concept it is measuring
Result & Discussions
A. Descriptive Statistics
In order to study the proposed
framework, self-administered questionnaires were made and filled out by the
respondents. The questionnaires conducted in Bahasa Indonesia in the form
of electronic questionnaire using Google form. It was distributed to the
respondents between the period from 18 – 22 October 2021 when the infection
rate of Covid 19 in Indonesia is still high with over than 4 million cases, and
the condition at that time was still considered as pandemic
From the questionnaires collected; we
obtained the result of respondent statistics as follow:
Table 2
Descriptive statistics
From the data above, we can
see that the gender proportion of is almost balance (47.25 % male user and
52.75% female user). In the other hand, we can see that user’s age proportion
is not balance (80.88% users are less than 41 years
old while the remaining more than 41 years old are only 19.12%). The
distribution of mobile payment technology that mostly used by respondent is slightly
balance (57.14% of mobile wallet user vs 42.86% of mobile banking user).
B. Measurement model analysis
In order to decrease the variability in the data,
outliers need to be detected and removed by referring to the value of Mahalanobis
distance. The value is compared to chi-square at a significance level of 0.001.
This resulted to a reduction of data sampling from 464 to 455.
Prior to conduct further analysis, we did normality,
linearity, multi Colliniearity and Heteroscedasticity test. Normality test is
performed to test whether in a regression model, an independent variable and a dependent variable or both have normal or abnormal distributions (Ghozali, 2021). Linearity test is used to see if the specifications
of the model used are correct or not (Ghozali, 2021). Heteroscedasticity is conducted to test whether in
regression models there is a variance inequality from the residual value of one
observation to another (Ghozali, 2021). Multicollinearity test aims to test whether the
regression model found the corellation between independent variables (Ghozali, 2021). After conducting the analysis, we conclude that the
data meet the requirement of normality, linearity, multi Collinierity and Heteroscedasticity
test as shown in the appendix.
From the final 455 data sampling, validity and
reliability tests were conducted using Smart PLS software. The purpose of this
is to ensure that the measurement item measure the right concept and has
stability and consistency of measurement. Loading factor is used as parameter
to examine the validity test, while average variance extracted (AVE) value and
composite reliability were used for reliability test. In addition, discriminant
validity was also evaluated using AVE analysis.
The factor loading value for validity test must be
greater than 0.5, while the AVE limit should be greater than 0.5 with the composite
reliability value limit is 0.7 (Hair et al, 2016). Reliability was also often assessed
by Cronbach alpha. When the values of Cronbach Alpha were larger than 0.70, it
can be acknowledged that the reliability of the construct were acceptable (Hair
et al, 2016). The validity and reliability tests conducted during the primary
research are summarized in Table 2.
Table 3
Validity
and reliability test result
Based on the table above,
the factor loading for the questionnaire items are all already greater than 0.7.
Therefore, we could conclude that questionnaire item has passed the validity
test. For AVE measurements, all variables are greater than 0.5. The test
results on composite validity for each variable are greater than 0.7. This
shows that all variables meet the reliability test limit. We can also observe
from the table 2 that all the variables provide Cronbach alpha more than 0.7
which means that all of the variables are reliable.
The result of discriminant
validity result was provided in table 3 below. it can be observed that the
correlation value for each AVE construct variable to itself is
greater than the correlation between the construct variable to others, so that
all variables can be determined as valid.
Table 4
Discriminant validity
C. Structural model analysis
The second step in analysis is
using multiple regression as statistical analysis to test the six hypotheses.
It was done using PLS SEM by assessing the structural method. Initially, a
bootstrap resampling technique with 5000 iterations was performed. It is a
resampling technique used to estimate statistics on a population by sampling a
dataset with replacement. Bootstrap is an appropriate way to control and check
the stability of the results. The result of this techniques will provide
analysis on hypotheses and construct’s relationship based on examination of
standardized paths. The result of the structural model analysis is displayed in
figure 1 while the summary provided in table 4.
Figure 2
Structural model
Table 5
Hypothesis
result
Table 4 contains the results of the hypothesis test.
Since this study used a 95 percent confidence level, the t-value > 1.96 and
p-value 0.05 are used to determine whether a hypothesis is significant or
accepted in this study. If the t-value is less than 1.96 and the p-value is
greater than 0.05, the
hypothesis is rejected. As for H6 we run the Multi Group Analysis for each
Mobile Payment Technology, with the result as follow:
Table 6
MGA result of Mobile Payment Technology as Moderating Variable
Using the formula from Chin (2000), we obtain the
t-stat -0.679. Since this value is lower than -1.96 (for alpha 5%) we can conclude
that Mobile Payment Technology did not moderate the relationship between
attitude and intention to use.
In addition to the structural model, the research
model explains 68.9% effect for attitude caused by perceived ease of use and
perceived usefulness, 64.9% of effect in intention to use caused by attitude and
perceived usefulness, and 79.4% of effect in perceived usefulness caused by
perceived ease of use. This is indicated by the adjusted R square score as
stated in figure 5.
Table 7
R square score
From the hypothesis test, it is concluded that perceived
ease of use has a positive and significant impact toward attitude. The result is
consistent with the study mentioned that the original TAM is a robust model for
the study of mobile payment system (Davis, 1989; de Luna
et al., 2019; Li et al., 2019). Perceived ease of use has a positive and significant
impact toward perceived usefulness. This strengthen the previous study (Davis, 1989; Li et
al., 2019; Liébana-Cabanillas et al., 2020; Wijaya et al., 2020). It is most likely that the easiness to navigate the mobile
payment application, whether it is mobile wallet or mobile banking, will lead
to a perception from user that the system is useful.
Perceived usefulness has a positive and significant
impact toward attitude, this strengthen the previous study (Chauhan, 2015; de Luna
et al., 2019; Li et al., 2019). This indicate that if people are made aware of the
usefulness of mobile payment, it will provide a “push” factor to use it. Perceived
usefulness has positive and significant impact toward intention to use. This
consistent with previous study (de Luna et al., 2019;
Kalinic et al., 2019; Li et al., 2019; Liébana-Cabanillas et al., 2020; Wijaya
et al., 2020). Once user identify perceived usefulness of a payment system, it will
lead to become a critical factor for determining the successful adoption of a
certain technology or in this case mobile payment system. This research also
concluded that attitude mediates the relationship between perceived ease of use
and intention to use which align with the study from Chauhan (2015). Once the
users have attitude towards using mobile payment, the behavior intention to use
will follow.
One hypothesis that brings novelty to this study,
reveals that mobile payment technology did not moderate the relationship
between attitude and intention to use. It is likely that it is due to the
similarity of user interface from both mobile payment technology of mobile
wallet and mobile banking. From the user perspective, there is no significant
difference of attitude that can lead to intention use from user who use mobile
wallet and mobile banking technology.
Conclusion
The main purpose
of this study to understand the contributing variables of the user’s intention
to use of mobile payment in Indonesia using the original TAM framework and put
a novelty to use mobile payment technology as moderating variable. Thus, the
variables that we use as construct include perceived ease of use, attitude, perceived
usefulness, and mobile payment technology which refer to mobile wallet and
mobile banking.
Based on the
results of research from 455 respondents, it is known that perceived ease of use
affects attitude and perceived usefulness significantly, as well as perceived usefulness
and attitude together have a significant effect to intention to use with the attitude
as mediating variable. This indicates that the ease of using mobile payment technology
will create an attitude and a high sense of usefulness by users, which in turn
will encourage the intention to use mobile payments technology for paying their
daily needs.
The present study
has implication that the original TAM framework is still relevant to be used
when investigating the intention to use of mobile payment. Even though the
study conducted in a disruption condition of Covid 19 pandemic, the result of
the study yet still confirming the previous study using original TAM framework.
This will bring a practical implication for the company engaged in mobile
payments that strive to expand the use of mobile payments. They might want to consider variables mentioned in
this study to improve the service strategies and
business model for current and future markets.
A large sample of
millennial generation which indicated as those who are in below 41 when the
study conducted become one of the limitations of this study. The distribution
of the questionnaire was limited to one particular user setting, at one time,
and was therefore limited for broad generalization. Further research may
consider finding a more various group of age which may affect the result.
Mobile payment
technology that used in this study only refer to mobile payment and mobile
banking which even though are the most used technology in Indonesia, may have
similar characteristics in terms of the user interface which may not affect
user’s intention to use. This may become one of the rationales of the finding
for mobile payment technology that did not moderate the relationship between attitude
and intention to use. Further study could consider technology that is more
distinctive from one to another such as mobile wallet and NFC or QR code.
The fact that 64.9%
of the variance of intention to use was explained by the independent variables considered
in this study still leaves 35.1% unexplained. We can also say that there are
other additional variables that have not been considered in this study. Further
research might be necessary to use variables outside original TAM framework to
explain the intention to use of mobile payment technology in Indonesia.
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