Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah
Indonesia p�ISSN: 2541-0849 e-ISSN: 2548-1398
Vol. 6, Special Issue No. 2, Desember 2021
THE EFFECT OF EMPOWERMENT, PLANNING QUALITY (KP)
APPARATUS PERFORMANCE (KA) ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
OF BANJARBARU
Firdaus Noorrahman, �Akhmad
Yunani, Rizali
Lambung
Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
Email: [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
This research was conducted to
determine the effect of empowerment, planning quality (KP) and apparatus
performance (KA) simultaneously on regional development in the Banjarbaru City Government. This research approach uses a
quantitative causal method. The data collection technique used a questionnaire.
The population of this research is 103 people with random sampling technique
and the research sample is 83 people. The data analysis technique used multiple
linear regression analysis, F test and T test. The results obtained in the
study indicate that the Empowerment of Apparatus (X1) on Regional Development
(Y) sig 0.000 value. The sig value is smaller than the probability value of
0.05, or the value of 0.000 <0.05, then H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected.
The variable X1 has a tcount of 4.296 with t table =
2.021. So tcount> ttable
can be concluded that the variable X1 has a contribution to Y. Quality Planning
(X2) on Regional Development (Y) sig 0.039. The sig value is smaller than the
probability value 0.05, or the value 0.016 <0.05, then H2 is accepted and Ho
is rejected. The variable X2 has a tcount of 2.590
with t table = 2.021. Apparatus Performance (X3) on Regional Development (Y)
value of 0.002> 0.05, then H3 is accepted and Ho is rejected. The variable
X3 has a tcount of 3,150 with ttable
= 2,021. The results of the F test F count is 16,854
with a probability value (sig) = 0,000. Value of Fcount
(16,854)> Ftable (3,10), and the value of sig. smaller
than the probability value of 0.05 or the value of 0.000 <0.05; then H01 is
accepted. Apparatus Empowerment (X1), Planning Quality (X2) and Apparatus Performance
(X3), affect regional development (Y) with R Square of 0.393 = 39.3% on
Regional Development, while 64.6%. The results of the dominant test of
Apparatus Empowerment (X1) are more influential on regional development (Y) in
the City Government of Banjarbaru with a value of
0.303 at the sig level of 0.000. So it can be
explained that if the empowerment of the apparatus is good in the regions, the
development of the Banjarbaru city will be even
better.
Keywords: Effect of
Empowerment, Quality of Planning (KP), Apparatus Performance (KA), regional
development.
Introduction �
Regional development is
very important for the country because the main capital in developing a region
requires quality human resources who are able to compete for the future, especially
in terms of providing increased development within a region (Pike, Rodr�guez-Pose, & Tomaney, 2016).
This is in line with the Decree of the Indonesian People's Consultative
Assembly Number XV / MPR / 1998 concerning the implementation of regional
autonomy, it is stated that the implementation of regional autonomy is carried
out by giving broad, real and accountable authority to the regions which is realized
by regulating the distribution and utilization of national resources that is
just and financial balance. central and regional. Based on this MPR RI
decision, Law Number 22 of 1999 concerning Regional Government was born, then
in 2014 it was refined most recently by Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning
Regional Government.
Human Resources (HR) are
both important subjects and objects in regional development. But unfortunately,
when viewed from the Human Development Index (HDI), the quality of Indonesian human
resources is still low compared to other countries in the ASEAN Region. The low
quality of human resources has resulted in various things, one of which is low
productivity in work which directly or indirectly results in slow regional
development in Indonesia (Kapoor & Sherif, 2012)v.
The regional development
has indications of several things, namely in terms of empowering regional
apartur human resources seen from the way the region provides training and
training to officials in carrying out regional development, then the quality of
regional planning quality and apparatus performance that need to be improved so
as to provide increased regional development (Horsley, Prout, Tonts, & Ali, 2015).
Regional development is inseparable from regional budgets in increasing the
empowerment of these human resources.
In general, the
empowerment of local government officials includes the following matters (Syahza, 2012) 1. Employee Procurement,
2. Career Development, 3. Education and Training, 4. Payroll. 5. The quality of
regional planning, and 6. The performance of the apparatus itself. The
allocation of these funds actually already exists in the regions in implementing
the wheels of government. The budget has their respective allocations so that
they can be used for regional development.
In connection with this
research is that in empowering the human resources of the apparatus is the
empowerment of the human resources of the government apparatus which is related
to the way the government makes the apparatus better at doing their job.
Empowerment is a management effort to improve the ability or capacity of
employees from the current situation or from less power to more empowered so
that employees become more professional in carrying out their duties. This is
in line with Saefullah's opinion that "the more empowered or the more
powerful the apparatus will increase its ability to create a professional
attitude in providing services to the people in the area" �(Isdayanti, Lion, & Saefulloh, 2020). The
quality of the apparatus in terms of the capabilities and potentials of the
apparatus must be as expected, so that the implementation of development is as
expected. Knowledge and ability of government officials are good assets in
carrying out development, therefore empowerment is needed so that the quality
of existing apparatus can be better than before. AW Widjaja explains that
empowerment he puts forward is as follows: "Empowerment is an effort to
increase the capabilities and potentials that are owned. by the community, so
that people can realize their identity, dignity to the fullest to survive and
develop themselves independently in the economic, social, religious and
cultural fields " (Isdayanti et al., 2020).
The second factor that
has an influence on development is the quality of development planning. The
quality or quality of development planning Tjokroamidjojo (Tjokroamidjojo, Kutanoglu, & Taylor, 2006).
explains
that the quality of planning is a process of systematically preparing
activities that will be carried out to achieve a certain goal. Planning is a
way of how to achieve the best possible goal with available resources to make
it more effective and efficient. Planning is a continuous process which
includes two aspects, namely planning formulation and implementation. Planning
can be used to control and evaluate the course of activities, because the
nature of the plan is to guide the implementation of activities (Taawoeda, 2021).
�(Argiantopo, 2014)
states
that the quality of development planning means the level of good or bad, the
degree or quality level of a development plan, especially in the regions. The
quality of development planning means that the quality is good in planning development
so that it is even better and one of them is planning development in the
regions. The quality of regional development planning will be better when an
employee is able to carry out his obligations in implementing and directing
development in the region. This relates to the ability of an apparatus to carry
out tasks so that they can carry out their duties in developing regions. Then
in regional development is in terms of performance of the apparatus. Apparatus
performance is important for regional development because the performance of
the apparatus will make development better and more directed.
The performance of the
Mangkunegara apparatus in
(Jayanti & Syamsir, 2019), explains
that is the quality and quantity of work achieved by an employee in carrying
out his duties in accordance with the responsibilities given to him. This means
that the performance of the apparatus is very important in contributing to
development. The performance of the apparatus is seen in article 5 of Law no.
25 of 2009 concerning Public Services, the scope of public services includes
goods and public services and public services as well as administrative
services that are regulated in its own government regulations, this quality can
be observed from the professional ability according to the field of duty that
is their responsibility. the demands of the government in the future are a government
that is smart, innovative and creative, and oriented to the interests of the
community, and carries out obligations to meet the expectations of society. In
line with that, the local government must be able to prioritize service functions,
protection and community empowerment based on a clear vision.
The three factors that
can have an influence on regional development are seen from the respective
budgets that have been previously set because the budget will run when all of
it can be implemented properly. Based on the results of the data registered for
empowerment from the training as in the following table.
Table 1
Results of the
Empowerment Budget and Outputs of Banjarbaru City Apparatus Officials in
2015-2020
|
NO |
�Budgeting of Yearly |
�PAGU |
�Realisation |
OUTPUT PEJABAT |
|
|
TARGET |
Ralisation |
||||
|
1 |
2015 |
1.125.435.900 |
215.644.600 |
29 |
12 |
|
2 |
2016 |
2.110.335.000 |
1.341.933.100 |
106 |
55 |
|
3 |
2017 |
2.308.754.600 |
1.541.915.400 |
65 |
59 |
|
4 |
2018 |
1.378.556.500 |
1.193.694.900 |
46 |
46 |
|
5 |
2019 |
3.556.641.000 |
3.455.000.000 |
91 |
91 |
|
6 |
2020 |
�� 770.289.000 |
�� 197.840.000 |
45 |
8 |
|
|
�TOTAL |
|
|
382 |
271 |
(Source: Data processed
from the BKD Office of Banjarbaru City in 2020)
The results of the data
obtained show that the target and output of officials who were given training
were lacking because the target results were 45 people who should have been
given training, but only 8 people were realized. This means that the
empowerment of human resources is still not supporting the development in the
area, this is seen by the Education and Training Team both technically and
structurally, it is not paid much attention to the number of people who have
carried out the training, which has not realized their ability to contribute to
regional development. This has an impact on the lack of development either in
infrastructure or socially which can provide good value to the development
itself. In fact, the funds released are more than sufficient in supporting
regional development, especially in terms of increasing the capacity of each
employee.
The Leadership Training
consists of four levels, namely Diklatpim VI, Diklatpim III, Diklatpim II, and
Diklatpim I, according to the echelonization of structural positions within the
government. This education and training team is designed and implemented to
achieve the competency requirements of government apparatus leadership in
accordance with structural positions (Article 9 PP No. 101 Year 2000).
If this is not
considered, it will have an impact on the performance of the apparatus itself.
When carrying out their duties and responsibilities as well as their functions
as government officials and assisting the implementation of development in the
regions. This can support programs from the central government so that
development in the regions is evenly distributed. Then from the results of the
apparatus performance allowance as follows:
Table 2
2016-2020 City Apparatus
Performance Allowance Budget
|
NO |
Principle Names |
�ADDITIONAL INCOME (TPP) /
PERFORMANCE BENEFITS PER YEAR |
||||
|
Th 2016 |
Th 2017 |
th 2018 |
th 2019 |
th 2020 |
||
|
1 |
Primary High Leadership
Position /Sekda |
�168.000.000 |
168.000.000 |
�������� 240.000.000 |
��������� 241.920.000 |
������� 241.920.000 |
|
2 |
Primary High Leadership
Position |
������ 2.790.000.000 |
2.790.000.000 |
����� 3.060.000.000 |
����� 3.180.600.000 |
��� 3.180.600.000 |
|
3 |
�Administrator Position |
������ 2.700.000.000 |
������� 2.700.000.000 |
����� 3.240.000.000 |
����� 3.262.329.000 |
��� 3.262.329.000 |
|
4 |
�Administrator Position |
������ 4.032.000.000 |
������� 4.032.000.000 |
����� 5.040.000.000 |
� ����5.221.440.000 |
��� 5.221.440.000 |
|
5 |
Supervisor Position |
���� 12.348.000.000 |
���� 12.348.000.000 |
�� 16.464.000.000 |
��� 17.544.450.000 |
� 17.544.450.000 |
|
6 |
�Supervisor Position |
������ 4.672.800.000 |
������� 4.672.800.000 |
����� 6.372.000.000 |
���� �7.009.200.000 |
��� 7.009.200.000 |
|
|
�TOTAL |
���� 26.710.800.000 |
���� 26.710.800.000 |
�� 34.416.000.000 |
��� 36.459.939.000 |
� 36.459.939.000 |
(Source: Data processed from the BKPP Office of Banjarbaru City in
2020)
Accoridng of the table above,
it shows that the budgetary allowance for the performance of the apparatus is
high and always increases from year to year. The higher the performance allowance
should be able to improve the actual employee performance (Zameer, Ali, Nisar, & Amir, 2014).
This lack of performance has an impact on regional development, especially in
Banjarbaru. This phenomenon is seen from the low quality of public service
delivery which is still weak, there are many extortion practices, no certainty,
and convoluted procedures. The impact on the economic business sector includes
creating a high cost economy, inhibiting investment, slowing down the flow of
export-import goods, unsatisfactory public image and a bad image. In addition,
the professionalism shown by government officials is also still low, as
evidenced by the many KKN practices that involve officials, convoluted services
to the community, living in a patron-client pattern, less creative and
innovative, working based on operational guidelines and technical guidelines
and perhaps still There are many other negative portraits which basically show
that the professionalism of the Indonesian apparatus is still weak (Dobre, 2013).
Based on data from the
Central Bureau of Statistics, in terms of quantity, the number of human
resources of the apparatus (Civil Servants) (Van Ryzin, 2011) who provide services is
also felt to be very minimal with a ratio of 1.9% of the total population. When
compared with developed countries where in every 1000 population there are 77
civil servants, in Indonesia there are only 21 civil servants. In the regions,
the ratio is even smaller, namely 4: 1000. As an illustration, it can be
explained that in the Banjarbaru City Government, South Kalimantan Province,
the condition of the human resources of local government officials, especially
those who occupy the Primary High Leadership Position (Echelon II) consists of
31 people and 129 people who occupy the Administrator Position (Echelon III),
which should it is they who act as planners, managers and implementers to
improve performance in the work units of government agencies. Then for
government officials who have attended leadership education and training, it is
possible to be empowered to get action in planning and implementation of
regional development and in fact following leadership training is not a measure
for an apparatus to be placed in office.
Of the various problems
discussed above, the crucial problems that occur in the Banjarbaru City
Government are: The performance improvement of the apparatus has not been
optimal, especially in the Banjarbaru City Government bureaucracy, which then
raises questions and even doubts about the role and function of the
implementation of education and training for officials whose guidance is managed
by the Banjarbaru City Education and Training Personnel Agency. The delay in
the realization of the autonomy mandated by Law Number 23 of 2014, is caused by
the processional ability and work ethic of the apparatus in the regions, so that
creativity in developing regions is difficult to implement and if it is
sustainable then human resources should be the main assets to seek regional
growth will tend to be the burden of the Banjarbaru City Government.
If the empowerment of
human resources of the apparatus, the quality of planning and performance of
the regional apparatus can be implemented and implemented properly, the
regional development will be better and the impact on the region (Ismiyarto; Suwitri Y.; Sundarso, 2015).
Indirectly it will provide a good local economy and improve even better,
especially for people who will feel the impact of this development and these
results can provide results in the region, especially in the future, can
contribute to developing areas and one of them in cities banjarbaru.
Method
The research
will be conducted with a quantitative explanatory approach which will explain
the influence of the empowerment of government apparatus human resources
through the quality of planning and apparatus performance on regional
development in the Banjarbaru City Government (Dymond, 2013). In order for data analysis to be reliable, quantitative
techniques will be complemented by qualitative analysis techniques that utilize
observations and in-depth interviews with several sources (respondents) as well
as the results of previous research. The population in this study were 103 research
respondents, namely 82 Administrator officials who had attended the III
Education and Training Center and 21 Pimpingan Tinggi Pratama officials who had
participated in the II Education and Training Center in the Banjarbaru City
Government Environment. So the population of this study amounted to 103 people
who were used as respondents of this study. The technique of taking random
research samples. Then obtained from the results of the research sample were 82
people who were used as research samples.
The data analysis
technique used in this research is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with the
F test known as the simultaneous test or the Model test / Anova test, which is
a test to see how all the independent variables influence the dependent
variable together. Or to test whether the regression model we make is good /
significant or not good / non-significant (Sugiyono, 2017).
The t test is used to determine whether in the regression model the independent
variable partially influences the dependent variable significantly. In this
study the t test is used to test the truth of hypothesis 1,2 and hypothesis 3.
Then the Dominant Test with the terms of the dominant test if the t test
results reach the value above 1.669 to find out what variables from the
dimensions there is an effect of human resource empowerment, planning quality,
and apparatus performance on regional development in the Banjarbaru City
Government, a correlation analysis is used, namely the Pearson orrelation.
Pearson correlation is used if the data sample is more than 82 (large sample)
and is normal (meets parametric assumptions). This correlation test aims to
examine the relationship between two or more variables that do not show a
functional relationship (related but not necessarily causal).
�����������
Research Result
The results of
research from the research tests that have been carried out in this study can
be seen as follows:
1.
Berganda
Multiple Linear Regression Test Results
Based on the results of the Multiple Linear Regression test as presented
in the table below:
Table 3� Results of Multiple Linear
Regression Test.
|
Coefficientsa |
||||||
|
Model |
Unstandardized Coefficients |
Standardized Coefficients |
t |
Sig. |
||
|
B |
Std. Error |
Beta |
||||
|
1 |
(Constant) |
13,458 |
2,639 |
|
5,099 |
,000 |
|
Pemberdayaan Aparatur (X1) |
,303 |
,071 |
,434 |
4,296 |
,000 |
|
|
Kualitas Perencanaan (X2) |
,177 |
,049 |
,161 |
2,590 |
,016 |
|
|
Kinerja Aparatur (X3) |
,148 |
,047 |
,352 |
3,150 |
,002 |
|
|
a. Dependent Variable: Pembagunan Daerah (Y) |
||||||
(Source: SPSS Data Version 24)
The results of
the multiple linear regression equation seen from the table above can be
obtained by the regression formula as follows:
Y = α +
b1X1 +, b2X2 + b3X3 + e
Then it can be
described from the results of the formula, namely
Y = (13.458) +
0.303X1 + 0.177 X2 + 0.148 X3 + e
The
interpretation of the above regressions is as follows:
a. Constant
(a) This means that if all independent variables have a value of zero (0) then
the value of the dependent variable (Beta) is 13.458.
b. Empowerment
of Apparatus (X1) against Beta of Regional Development (Y). The value of the
apparatus empowerment coefficient for variable X1 is 0.303. This implies that
every one-unit increase in Apparatus Empowerment, all Competency indicators
that are related to the Level of Knowledge, Skills, - Behavior, and -
Professional, Clear Authority which includes Making Decisions, Implementing
Programs, - Analyzing / providing problem solving, Carrying out tasks in a
manner effective, - Discipline, - Give advice. Clear employee responsibilities
which include - Carrying out duties according to their main duties, and -
Giving jobs to subordinates as partners. Leadership which includes the need for
leadership guidance in building a joint commitment and how much motivation is
given by the leadership, the Regional Development Beta (Y) variable of the
Gross Domestic Product, Education and Health indicators will increase by 0.303
assuming that the other independent variables of the regression model are
permanent.
c. Planning
Quality (X2) on Regional Development beta (Y). The coefficient value for
variable X2 is 0.117 and is positive, this indicates that the quality of
planning has a relationship. This implies that each increase in Planning
Quality with the Role and Function indicators, Planning Process, Management
Quality, one unit, the Regional Development Beta (Y) variable of the Gross
Domestic Product, Education and Health indicators will increase by 0.177
assuming that the independent variables another of the regression models is
fixed.
d. Apparatus
Performance (X3) on Beta of Regional Development (Y). The standardized
apparatus performance coefficient value for the X3 variable is 0.148 and is positive,
this indicates that the apparatus performance has a relationship. This implies
that any increase in Apparatus Performance from performance indicators that is
carried out is related to the existence of performance in accordance with the
main tasks and functions, performance is influenced by the availability of
facilities and infrastructure, the need for a work assignment. Work time
includes proportional and professional working time, the need for determining
work time based on SOP, the need to determine work time based on work urgency
and priority, one unit, the Regional Development Beta variable (Y) from the
indicators of Gross Domestic Product, Education and Health will be good at
0.148 assuming that the other independent variables of the regression model are
constant.
2.
T test Result
The t test is
used to determine whether the independent variables partially have significant
or not significant effect on the dependent variable. The degree of significance
used is 0.05. If the significant value is less than the degree of confidence,
then we accept the alternative hypothesis, which states that an independent
variable partially affects the dependent variable
Table 4 test results
|
Coefficientsa |
||||||
|
Model |
Unstandardized Coefficients |
Standardized Coefficients |
t |
Sig. |
||
|
B |
Std. Error |
Beta |
||||
|
1 |
(Constant) |
13,458 |
2,639 |
|
5,099 |
,000 |
|
Pemberdayaan Aparatur (X1) |
,303 |
,071 |
,434 |
4,296 |
,000 |
|
|
Kualitas Perencanaan (X2) |
,177 |
,049 |
,161 |
2,590 |
,016 |
|
|
Kinerja Aparatur (X3) |
,148 |
,047 |
,352 |
3,150 |
,002 |
|
|
a. Dependent Variable: Pembagunan Daerah (Y) |
||||||
(Source: SPSS Data Version 24)
The results of
the t count can be described as follows
a. Apparatus
Empowerment (X1) on Regional Development (Y). It can be seen in the
Coefficients column for model 1 there is a sig value of 0.000. The sig value is
smaller than the probability value of 0.05, or the value of 0.000 <0.05,
then H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected. The variable X1 has a tcount of 4.296
with t table = 2.021. So tcount> ttable can be concluded that variable X1
has a contribution to Y. A positive t value indicates that variable X1 has a
direct relationship with Y. So it can be concluded that Apparatus Empowerment
has a significant effect on Beta, namely Regional Development (Y).
b. Planning
Quality (X2) on Regional Development (Y). It can be seen in the Coefficients
column for model 1 there is a sig value of 0.039. The sig value is smaller than
the probability value 0.05, or the value 0.016 <0.05, then H2 is accepted
and Ho is rejected. The variable X2 has a tcount of 2.590 with t table = 2.021.
So tcount> ttable can be concluded that the variable X2 has a contribution
to Y. A positive t value indicates that X2 has a parallel relationship with
Y.So it can be concluded that the Quality of Planning (X2) has a significant
effect on Beta, namely Regional Development (Y).
c. Apparatus
Performance (X3) on Regional Development (Y). It can be seen that the sig value
for Apparatus Performance (X3) is 0.002. The sig value is greater than the
probability value of 0.05, or the value of 0.002> 0.05, so H3 is accepted
and Ho is rejected. The variable X3 has a tcount of 3,150 with ttable = 2,021.
So tcount <ttable can be concluded that the variable X3 has a contribution
to Y. A positive t value indicates that X3 has a direct relationship with Y. So
it can be concluded that Apparatus Performance (X3) has a significant effect on
Beta, namely Regional Development (Y).
3.
Test Results F
The
F test is used to determine whether the independent variables simultaneously
have a significant effect on the dependent variable. The degree of confidence
used is 0.05. If the calculated F value is greater than the F value according
to the table, then the alternative hypothesis, which states that all
independent variables simultaneously have a significant effect on the dependent
variable. Then it can be seen in the following table :
Table 5 F Test Results
|
ANOVAa |
||||||
|
Model |
Sum of Squares |
df |
Mean Square |
F |
Sig. |
|
|
1 |
Regression |
106,385 |
3 |
35,462 |
16,854 |
,000b |
|
Residual |
164,115 |
78 |
2,104 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
270,500 |
81 |
|
|
|
|
|
a. Dependent Variable: Pembagunan Daerah (Y) |
||||||
|
b. Predictors: (Constant), Kinerja Aparatur (X3), Pemberdayaan Aparatur (X1),
Kualitas Perencanaan (X2) |
||||||
(Source: SPSS Data Version 24)
So based on the
table above, it can be explained that the simultaneous testing of X1, X2, and
X3 against Y: From the table, the Fcount value is
16,854 with a probability value (sig) = 0,000. Value of Fcount
(16,854)> Ftable (3,10), and the value of sig.
smaller than the probability value of 0.05 or the value of 0.000 <0.05; then
H01 is accepted, it means that together (simultaneously) Apparatus Empowerment
(X1), Planning Quality (X2) and Apparatus Performance (X3), affect beta, namely
regional development (Y). Ho was rejected and Ha accepted.
The result of the
coefficient of determination (R�) of the value of the coefficient of
determination is used to determine how much the relationship between several
variables in a clearer sense. The coefficient of determination will explain how
much change or variation in a variable can be explained by changes or variations
in other variables (Santosa & Ashari,
2005: 125). The ability of independent variables to contribute to fixed
variables in percentage units. The value of this coefficient is between 0 and
1, if the result is closer to 0, it means that the ability of the independent
variables to explain the variation of the variable is very limited. But if the
results are close to number 1, it means that the independent variables provide
almost all the information needed to predict the variation in the dependent
variable.
Table 4 Determination Test
Results
|
Model Summary |
||||
|
Model |
R |
R Square |
Adjusted R Square |
Std. Error of the Estimate |
|
1 |
,627a |
,393 |
,370 |
1,45053 |
|
a. Predictors: (Constant), Kinerja Aparatur (X3), Pemberdayaan Aparatur
(X1), Kualitas Perencanaan (X2) |
||||
(Source: SPSS Data Version 24)
Based on the table
"Model Summary" it can be concluded that Apparatus Empowerment (X1),
Planning Quality (X2) and Apparatus Performance (X3), have an effect on
regional development (Y) with R Square of 0.393 = 39.3% on Regional Development,
while 64, 6% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. So it can be concluded that the ability of the independent
variables in explaining the variation of the variables is very limited and
there needs to be further research which gives an impact on regional
development (Y).
4.
Dominant Test Results
The dominant test
results from this study can be seen that from the following results
Table 5 dominant test results
|
No |
Variabel |
Beta |
sig |
|
1. |
Pemberdayaan Aparatur (X1) |
0,303 |
0,000 |
|
2. |
Kualitas Perencanaan (X2) |
0,177 |
0,016 |
|
.3. |
Kinerja Aparatur (X3) |
0,148 |
0,002 |
(Source: SPSS Data Version 24)
Based on the results
of the study, it shows that the beta value obtained is that Apparatus
Empowerment (X1) is more influential on regional development (Y) in the City
Government of Banjarbaru with a value of 0.303 with a
sig level of 0.000. So it can be explained that if the
empowerment of the apparatus is good in the regions, the development of the Banjarbaru city will be even better.
Discussion
Based on the results
of the study shows that the influence of the Empowerment of Human Resources (X)
on Regional Development (Y) in the Municipal Government of Banjarbaru.
Then it can be described as follows:
1. The effect of empowerment of the
apparatus on regional development in the Banjarbaru
City Government.
The result of the
research is that there is a sig value of 0,000. The sig value is smaller than
the probability value of 0.05, or the value of 0.000 <0.05, then H1 is
accepted and Ho is rejected. The variable X1 has a tcount
of 4.296 with t table = 2.021. So tcount> ttable can be concluded that variable X1 has a contribution
to Y. A positive t value indicates that variable X1 has a direct relationship
with Y. So it can be concluded that Apparatus Empowerment
has a significant effect on Beta, namely Regional Development (Y).
The influence of the
empowerment of the apparatus is important so that it can have an impact on the
orderly development in the City of Banjarbaru to be
more advanced both from infrastructure development and development of its own
human resources. The smooth running of government and the implementation of
national development depends on the perfection of the state apparatus. Civil
servants are the state apparatus, so when we talk about the position of civil
servants in the Republic of Indonesia, we are talking about the position of the
state apparatus in general. In the position of the state apparatus as a tool to
carry out development, it is necessary to have employees who are truly capable,
efficient, of high quality, and aware of their responsibilities as servants of
the state and servants of the community. Civil servants have a decisive role,
namely as thinkers, implementers, planners and controllers of development.
According to Sedarmayanti (2010: 75) the concept of empowerment shows
two trends, namely: 1. Empowerment emphasizes the process of giving or
transferring some power, strength, or ability to society, organizations, or
individuals to become more empowered. This process is often referred to as the
primary tendency of the meaning of empowerment. 2. Emphasizes the process of
stimulating, encouraging, and motivating individuals to have the ability or
resources to determine what their life choices are. According to Makmur (2007:
120-121) the purpose or meaning of this empowerment includes: 1. Creating
independence and confidence in organizational members, government, and
community members. Self-confidence and independence in facing various obstacles
or challenges in life can give birth to the strength and resilience to hang
hopes on other parties. 2. Being agile and proactive, human empowerment creates
agility and has the driving force to be proactive in seeking activities that
can be more profitable. 3. Having knowledge and skills, knowledge is a source
of skills in carrying out an activity whose results are more profitable. 4.
Compliance and awareness, human life is always governed by a provision of life
that needs to be obeyed and only to create order and harmony, both in carrying out
activities and in social relationships. Obedience and awareness of norms as the
fundamentals of social life, organization and so on are very appropriate and
mosaic therapies in an effort to increase empowerment, both for oneself and for
others. Based on the above definition, empowerment must be able to create
independence and confidence in the abilities of each apparatus.
Efforts to empower
government officials must be increased in order to achieve organizational /
governmental goals. Empowerment carried out on the apparatus will ultimately
increase better work performance. To improve work performance, it is necessary
to increase human resources as workers through empowerment efforts. In this
regard, an apparatus needs to be empowered. Based on the existence of
empowerment of government officials, the possibility of work performance
increases or vice versa, there is empowerment but work performance remains or
even decreases.
The empowerment of
the apparatus is important because no matter how good the human resources are,
it will not necessarily make the human resources work properly. If the habitat
in which they work does not support the emergence of good behavior, the results
of human resource development will disappear. Therefore, the arrangement of
other aspects such as a flexible organizational structure, a work performance
appraisal system, a career development system and compensation that refers to
competencies will ultimately have an impact on development in an area.
So it can be concluded that from the
results of this study that the empowerment of these officials can make the
development in the Banjarbaru city area even better
and more well-directed.
2. The Effect of Planning Quality on
Regional Development in the Municipal Government of Banjarbaru.
The results showed
that there is an influence of the quality of development planning on regional
development in the Banjarbaru City Government. It is
a sig value of 0.039. The sig value is smaller than the probability value of
0.05, or the value of 0.016 <0.05, then H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected.
The variable X2 has a tcount of 2.590 with t table =
2.021. So tcount> ttable
can be concluded that the variable X2 has a contribution to Y. A positive t
value indicates that X2 has a parallel relationship with Y.So it can be concluded that the Quality of Planning
(X2) has a significant effect on Beta, namely Regional Development (Y).
Based on the results
of this study, it is from the research that the quality of planning is
important for all parties, especially for officials in carrying out their
duties in an area. This relates to the way an apparatus carries out good
planning in developing a region so that it can lead to equitable development
both in cities and villages in the area.
Therefore, the
influence of the quality of planning carried out by the apparatus is very
important because it can have an impact on regional development, especially in
the City of Banjarbaru.
3. The effect of the performance of
the apparatus on regional development in the Banjarbaru
City Government.
The results showed
that the performance of the apparatus had an effect on regional development in
the Municipal Government of Banjarbaru with the
result that the sig value for Apparatus Performance (X3) was 0.002. The sig
value is greater than the probability value of 0.05, or the value of 0.002>
0.05, then H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected. The variable X3 has a tcount of 3,150 with ttable =
2,021. So tcount <ttable
can be concluded that the variable X3 has a contribution to Y. A positive t value
indicates that X3 has a direct relationship with Y. So
it can be concluded that Apparatus Performance (X3) has a significant effect on
Beta, namely Regional Development (Y). The results of this study indicate that
the performance of the apparatus in carrying out their duties is inseparable
from the ability of employees to understand and interpret their duties in
carrying out development in the City of Banjarbaru.
The performance of these officials can be seen in terms of their ability to
carry out work, then seen from the length of time they have carried out the
work and how to assess or evaluate the work they have done in measuring the
success of the development. According to the opinion of Robbins (2006: 4)
defines the ability (ability) is the capacity of an individual to do various
tasks in a job. Individuals with high levels of ability tend to complete job
tasks well and quickly. Furthermore, Winardi (2002)
describes the ability on the other hand, related to one's competence.
competence contains two meanings, namely the first areas of knowledge and
skills that can be obtained through the learning process (education, training,
experience). These skills include conceptual knowledge (honesty and expertise),
and a large number of generic work activities such as setting goals, making
plans, giving presentations / presentations etc. Second, competences which are
temperaments, motives or traits that are deeply embedded in a person such as
self-confidence, resistance to pressure / tension, desire to excel, and so on.
4. The effect of apparatus
empowerment, planning quality and apparatus performance on regional development
in the Banjarbaru City Government.
Based on the results
of the study that of the 3 variables the F test results indicate an influence
with the simultaneous test results X1, X2, and X3 on Y: From the table, the Fcount value is 16.854 with a probability value (sig) =
0.000. Value of Fcount (16,854)> Ftable (3,10), and the value of sig. smaller than the
probability value of 0.05 or the value of 0.000 <0.05; then H01 is accepted,
it means that together (simultaneously) Apparatus Empowerment (X1), Planning
Quality (X2) and Apparatus Performance (X3), affect beta, namely regional
development (Y). rejected and H.
Apparatus
Empowerment (X1), Planning Quality (X2) and Apparatus Performance (X3),
influence regional development (Y) with R Square of 0.393 = 39.3% on Regional
Development. The results showed that this variable still had an effect, although
it was still less than 50%. However, the effect of these three variables still
contributes significantly to regional development. One of them that has more
influence is the empowerment of the apparatus themselves in carrying out their
duties in increasing development in the City of Banjarbaru.
The empowerment of
the apparatus in carrying out their duties must be able to see from the way
they do this work so that they can determine the direction of development in
the future so that it can be carried out properly. Then from the quality of
planning seen from development planning is very important. Kuncoro
(2004) expressed his opinion that development planning is a plan that aims to
improve the use of various public resources available for the benefit of society
as a whole. Through planning, it is hoped that efficient and effective
development activities can provide optimal results in utilizing available
resources and developing existing potentials. So it
can be concluded that development planning is an activity carried out
rationally which results in a policy or policies that can be used as a
guideline for development to be carried out.
Then the effect of
the performance of the apparatus is seen from the ability of the apparatus. The
ability in question is the capacity of a person to carry out his duties and
work by utilizing all the potential that exists in him according to the
objectives. The variable of the ability of the apparatus is observed from
several dimensions and indicators as follows: Technical skills indicators are
mastering knowledge of methods, processes, procedures and techniques for
carrying out special activities, the ability to utilize and utilize the
facilities, equipment needed to support specific activities, human skills
indicators. is the ability to understand human behavior and the process of cooperation,
the ability to understand the hearts, attitudes and motives of others, the
ability to communicate clearly and effectively, the ability to create
effective, cooperative, practical, capable cooperation who can behave in an
acceptable and acceptable manner. Conceptual skills, indicators are the ability
to think rationally, be proficient in various kinds of conceptions, able to
analyze various events and be able to understand various tendencies, able to
anticipate orders, be able to recognize and understand various kinds of social
problems.
So from the results of these
studies that development will run well in the City of Banjarbaru
when the empowerment of the apparatus, the quality of planning and performance
of the apparatus is considered so that it can support development and can
evenly builders in the city of Banjarbaru.
5. The dominant factor influencing
regional development from the aspect of empowerment, planning quality and
apparatus performance in the Municipal Government of Banjarbaru.
The results showed
that the dominant factors that have an influence on development in Banjarbaru City are the results of the research showing
that the beta value obtained is that Apparatus Empowerment (X1) is more
influential on Regional Development (Y) in the City Government of Banjarbaru with a value of 0.303 sig level, namely 0,000. So it can be explained that if the empowerment of the
apparatus is good in the regions, the development of the Banjarbaru
city will be even better.
This means that the
dominant factor influencing regional development in the Banjarbaru
City Government is the empowerment of the apparatus. This is related to the
Empowerment of Government Apparatus Human Resources (X1), namely in terms of
apparatus competence in carrying out the tasks that have been assigned to them
and also regional leaders as the highest person can provide clear authority to
each apparatus in implementing regional development. Clear employee
responsibilities can have an impact on the development of the area, and
leadership that can provide good results in implementing development so that
they can carry out implementation in development, especially in the City of Banjarbaru.
Conclusion
���
Based on the
results of the study indicate that: There is an effect of civil servant empowerment
on regional development in the Banjarbaru City Government. There is an
influence of the quality of planning on regional development in the Banjarbaru
City Government. There is an influence of the performance of the apparatus on
regional development in the Banjarbaru City Government. There is an effect of
empowerment, planning quality and apparatus performance on regional development
in the Banjarbaru City Government. The dominant factor influencing regional
development is from the aspect of apartment empowerment in the Banjarbaru City
Government. So from the results of this study it can be suggested that the
highest leaders in the City of Banjarbaru can pay attention to the empowerment
of the apparatus that needs to be done is to increase the competence related to
the level of knowledge, skills, good behavior in carrying out tasks, and
professionals in carrying out the assigned task. And besides that it increases
good work discipline and gives jobs to subordinates as partners. The regional
head should be able to provide more motivation and clear work to the officials
in increasing development in the city of Banjarbaru. Empowerment must be seen
that it is followed by good supervision by going directly to the field without
having their knowledge of the implementation of work in carrying out
development in the City of Banjarbaru. There is a need for training and
education in the form of how to understand properly with skills in accounting
so that they can calculate the GDP. For government officials, they can carry
out their work well by providing good responsibility and mandate that by doing
a good job, people who accept development will feel comfortable and feel cared
for by the government both from infrastructure and other developments. For the
people of Banjarbaru city, they can provide more evaluation of the performance
of the apparatus in carrying out work.
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Copyright holder: Firdaus Noorrahman,� Akhmad Yunani, Rizali (2021) |
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