Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia p�ISSN:
2541-0849
e-ISSN:
2548-1398
Vol.
7, Special Issue No.2, Februari 2022
PERCEPTION OF ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE EARLY
STAGE IN SUKOREJO COFFEE PLANTATION, CENTRAL JAVA
Jizenji Tyas Wirastomo
Pelita Bangsa University
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
This research uses quantitative methods through field surveys of a sample
size of 200 respondents taken from a population of 400 residents in the
villages of Kalibogor and Purwosari,
District of Sukorejo, Kendal, Central Java. This
sample size uses the Slovin Formula by setting a
standard error of 5 percent. Next, the researcher used the statistical method
of conjoint analysis to determine the magnitude of the direction and the
significance level of the research variables. This is done by setting pre and
post ecotourism as dependent variables and indicators of respondents' profiles,
economic perceptions, socio-cultural, environmental, and quality of life as
independent variables. Conclusion of the research are There are significant
differences between respondents' profiles on village clusters without (before)
ecotourism and with (after) ecotourism in terms of education, employment, and
monthly income of respondents. However, there were no differences in terms of
gender, marital status, age, length of stay. There are significant differences
between respondents' perceptions of village clusters without (before)
ecotourism and with (after) ecotourism in terms of sustainability of economic
factors, namely increased employment, number of shops, tax acceptance, business
development, investment. There are significant differences between respondents'
perceptions of village clusters without (before) ecotourism and with (after)
ecotourism in terms of socio-cultural factor sustainability, namely in the
perception of increasing participation, development, nature conservation, and
increasing regional identity. There are significant differences between
respondents' perceptions of village clusters without (before) ecotourism and
with (after) ecotourism in terms of sustainability of environmental factors,
namely increasing animal and animal life, improving quality of life, work
productivity, and social awareness.
Keywords: Perception Of Ecotourism; Development In The Early Stage;Sukorejo Coffee Plantation, Central Java
Introduction
In Indonesia, the economic transformation from agriculture to
the manufacturing sector faces serious problems, namely the lack of capital,
skills and entrepreneurship to process agricultural products. As a result, the
agricultural sector accounts for 34 percent of the national workforce, while
the economy is still below 14 percent. The population of rural areas is still
high, which is around 135 million people or 47 percent of the total population
of CBS (Central Bureau of Statistics, 2016). The suggested solution is the
process of economic transformation that has shifted from agriculture to the
service sector. Farmers gradually develop special environmental and cultural
services in their respective regions.
Traditional cultural, cultural and environmental activities
can be packaged as rural tourism products that can attract visitors from
outside the region. The concept of tourism development based on culture or
environment in the village, will work together with agricultural development
and provide opportunities for farmers to get welfare. The tourism business has
been shown to show higher economic viability than agriculture. This concept has
become a flagship program in a number of countries, such as Malaysia [Liu, A.
2006] and Thailand (Saraithong & Chancharoenchai, 2011).
Ecotourism is a tourism-based economic sector that contains
elements of education. Ecotourism is carried out in professional and trained
management that considers the cultural heritage, participation, and welfare of
the local community. Thus, ecotourism becomes an important economic activity in
the framework of cultural conservation, natural resources and the environment.
The International Ecotourism Society (TIES, The International
Ecotourism Society. 2016) provides a definition of ecotourism as a trip that is
responsible to natural areas that preserve the environment, maintain the
welfare of the local community and involve interpretation and education.
Ecotourism services are believed to be one of the economic approaches, which
explore the benefits of natural resources and the environment in conservation
values. He manages environmental and cultural services into the real economic
sector to generate benefits for many stakeholders to support sustainable
development.
Opportunities to develop tourism in the village, or rural
tourism development are still open. According to Parks T, H., Parks, T. A. and
Allen, C. (2009), a group of middle class economic
communities have high demand for travel and tourism. At the same time,
infrastructure growth, especially transportation, allows access to various
tourist destinations. The economic benefits of tourism and its support services
are enormous. The potential of domestic tourists in Indonesia in 2013 reached
250 million trips, with a total expenditure of 13.6 billion dollars (Ministry
of Tourism. 2014).
Meanwhile, total foreign tourist arrivals in 2015 reached
9.73 million visits, resulting in 11.1 billion dollars [1]. The number of
tourists from Asean countries reached 40 percent of
total foreign tourists, with Malaysia and Singapore contributing 1.49 and 1.74
million, respectively. Tourism is an extension of political relations where
citizens visit each other for business, leisure and social reasons (Zengeni, N. and Zengeni, D. M. F.
2012). Regarding this economic potential, rural areas need to seize this
opportunity. Especially with the approval of the implementation of the Asean Economic Community (MEA), the tourism sector is a
priority to be integrated and developed (Asean.
2012).
In the 2012-2015 Asean Tourism
Marketing Strategy (ATMS), directives for developing tourist destinations in
Indonesia include (i) Borobudur cultural heritage
sites, Prambanan and Sangiran
temples, early humans, (ii) Rinjani National Park,
Komodo National Park, and Mount Batur, (iii) cultural tourism of Pentingsari village, Laweyan and
Kampung Naga villages, and (iv) coastal marine tourism covering the ports of Benoa, Tanjung Mas and Tanjung Priok (Asean.
2012).
Research Methods
This research uses quantitative methods through field surveys
of a sample size of 200 respondents taken from a population of 400 residents in
the villages of Kalibogor and Purwosari,
District of Sukorejo, Kendal, Central Java. This
sample size uses the Slovin Formula by setting a
standard error of 5 percent.
Next, the researcher used the statistical method of conjoint
analysis to determine the magnitude of the direction and the significance level
of the research variables. This is done by setting pre and post ecotourism as
dependent variables and indicators of respondents' profiles, economic
perceptions, socio-cultural, environmental, and quality of life as independent
variables.
Results and Discussions
A. Hypothesis 1 Test Results:
This study shows that there are
significant differences between the profile of respondents in village clusters
without (before) ecotourism and with (after) ecotourism in terms of gender,
medical status, age, education, employment, overall length of stay with a
significance level of 1 percent. This is indicated by the coefficient of determination
of 0.309 and F count of 10.665.
Meanwhile this study shows that there
is a significant difference at the 5 percent significance level of respondents'
perceptions in the two research areas in terms of education, employment,
monthly income, and family size. This significant difference shows that the Kalibogor village respondents as post-ecotourism villages
have a higher or higher level of education, employment, retirement income, and
family size than respondents from Purwosari village
who were declared as pre-ecotourism villages in this study.
However, this study showed no
significant difference at the 5 percent significance level between sex, marital
status, age, and length of stay. This is due to the fact that this population
attribute is inherent randomly to all residents in all places. The conclusion
of the results of the study on the differences in the profile of respondents in
the two villages can be seen in the table below.
|
Tabel Model Summary of Respondent |
||||
|
Model |
R |
R
Square |
Adjusted
R Square |
Std.
Error of the Estimate |
|
1 |
.556a |
.309 |
.280 |
.42538 |
|
a.
Predictors: (Constant), familysize, marital,
residence, education, gender, age, ocupation, monthlyincome |
||||
|
Table Anova of
Respondent Profile |
||||||
|
Model |
Sum
of Squares |
df |
Mean
Square |
F |
Sig. |
|
|
1 |
Regression |
15.439 |
8 |
1.930 |
10.665 |
.000b |
|
Residual |
34.561 |
191 |
.181 |
|
|
|
|
Total |
50.000 |
199 |
|
|
|
|
|
a.
Dependent Variable: cluster |
||||||
|
b.
Predictors: (Constant), familysize, marital,
residence, education, gender, age, ocupation, monthlyincome |
||||||
|
Tabel Coefficients Responden Pra and Post Ecoturism |
||||||
|
Model |
Unstandardized Coefficients |
Standardized Coefficients |
t |
Sig. |
||
|
B |
Std. Error |
Beta |
||||
|
1 |
(Constant) |
.888 |
.231 |
|
3.850 |
.000 |
|
gender |
.016 |
.067 |
.015 |
.233 |
.816 |
|
|
marital |
-.011 |
.066 |
-.011 |
-.167 |
.867 |
|
|
age |
.005 |
.043 |
.008 |
.114 |
.909 |
|
|
education |
.121 |
.059 |
.128 |
2.042 |
.043 |
|
|
ocupation |
-.169 |
.051 |
-.247 |
-3.330 |
.001 |
|
|
residence |
.022 |
.069 |
.020 |
.314 |
.754 |
|
|
monthlyincome |
.266 |
.049 |
.434 |
5.467 |
.000 |
|
|
familysize |
.118 |
.060 |
.148 |
1.956 |
.052 |
|
|
a. Dependent Variable: cluster Responden Pra and Post Ecoturism |
||||||
B. Hypothesis 2 Test Results:
There are
significant differences between respondents' perceptions of village clusters
without (before) ecotourism and with (after) ecotourism in terms of perceptions
of the sustainability of economic factors which consist of different
perceptions of the attributes below:
1.
There is a positive and significant
perception that ecotourism in the research area will be able to improve the
work of the local population.
2.
There is a positive and significant
perception that ecotourism in the research area will be able to increase the
number of shops or stalls that are carried out by local residents.
3.
here is a positive and significant
perception that ecotourism in the research area will be able to increase tax
revenues from local residents.
4.
here is a positive and significant
perception that ecotourism in the research area will be able to increase
business ventures carried out by local residents.
5.
There is a positive and significant
perception that ecotourism in the research area will be able to increase the
investment of stakeholders from the local population.
The results
of the study of the impact of ecotourism on the economic sustainability of
local residents can be seen in the table below.
|
Table Coefficients Respondent Perception
on EconomicSustinability |
||||||
|
Model |
Unstandardized
Coefficients |
Standardized
Coefficients |
T |
Sig. |
||
|
B |
Std.
Error |
Beta |
||||
|
1 |
(Constant) |
-.309 |
.089 |
|
-3.476 |
.001 |
|
Job |
.096 |
.021 |
.203 |
4.533 |
.000 |
|
|
Shop |
.083 |
.025 |
.160 |
3.337 |
.001 |
|
|
Tax |
.057 |
.021 |
.118 |
2.766 |
.006 |
|
|
Business |
.168 |
.023 |
.358 |
7.331 |
.000 |
|
|
Investment |
.149 |
.023 |
.297 |
6.345 |
.000 |
|
|
a.
Dependent Variable: cluster Responden |
||||||
C. Hypothesis 3 Test Results:
There is a
significant difference at the 1 percent significance level between respondents'
perceptions of village clusters without (before) ecotourism and villages with
(after) ecotourism in terms of perceptions of the sustainability of the
following socio-cultural factors:
1.
Respondents of this study have a
real perception that ecotourism will be able to increase labor force participation
in the ecotourism industry.
2.
That ecotourism at this initial
level will be able to develop this area in a sustainable manner into a
world-class ecotourism village.
3.
This rural ecotourism is perceived
to be able to better social and cultural life.
4.
Ecotourism is also perceived to be
able to develop a local socio-cultural identity in the international arena, but
there are no concrete results in terms of cultural exchange.
The results
of the research on respondents' perceptions can be seen in the table below.
|
Table Coefficients Respondent
Perception on Sosial and Culture |
||||||
|
Model |
Unstandardized Coefficients |
Standardized Coefficients |
t |
Sig. |
||
|
B |
Std. Error |
Beta |
||||
|
1 |
(Constant) |
-.389 |
.110 |
|
-3.548 |
.000 |
|
Participate |
.206 |
.022 |
.447 |
9.274 |
.000 |
|
|
Develop |
.133 |
.025 |
.245 |
5.360 |
.000 |
|
|
Preserve |
.095 |
.020 |
.209 |
4.721 |
.000 |
|
|
Exchange |
.031 |
.020 |
.067 |
1.555 |
.122 |
|
|
Identity |
.118 |
.023 |
.227 |
5.164 |
.000 |
|
|
a. Dependent Variable: cluster |
||||||
D. Hypothesis Test Results 4:
There are
significant differences between respondents' profiles on village clusters
without (before) ecotourism and with (after) ecotourism in terms of perceptions
of sustainability of environmental factors, where the perception includes the
following elements:
1.
Ecotourism is perceived to be able
to increase the growth of animal life in the local forest.
2.
Ecotourism is also believed to be
able to improve the quality of nature and the local environment.
3.
Plant productivity and the prepared
environment will increase sustainably.
4.
Awareness of preserving the
environment is also perceived to be increasing in ecotourism development.
The results
of the research on respondents' perceptions of sustainable environment in the
coffee plantation ecotourism area in Kendal Regency can be seen in the
following table.
|
Table Coefficients Respondent on Environmental Sustainability |
||||||
|
Model |
Unstandardized Coefficients |
Standardized Coefficients |
t |
Sig. |
||
|
B |
Std. Error |
Beta |
||||
|
1 |
(Constant) |
-.438 |
.108 |
|
-4.073 |
.000 |
|
Wildlife |
.086 |
.021 |
.177 |
4.013 |
.000 |
|
|
Quality |
.177 |
.023 |
.376 |
7.570 |
.000 |
|
|
Productivity |
.138 |
.026 |
.247 |
5.337 |
.000 |
|
|
Awareness |
.148 |
.023 |
.320 |
6.524 |
.000 |
|
|
a.
Dependent Variable: cluster |
||||||
E. Hypothesis Test Results 5:
This study
found that there were significant differences between respondents of village
clusters without (before) ecotourism and with (after) ecotourism in terms of
the sustainability of life satisfaction factors. This includes the following
perceptions of several research elements:
1.
Health will increase in line with
the growth of sustainable ecotourism
2.
Life security is perceived as
increasing in line with the development of ecotourism.
3.
The household life will be better
with the existence of eco-development.
4.
Free time will be more enjoyed by
the existence of sustainable ecotourism development.
5.
Spiritual and social life will
develop better with the development of sustainable ecotourism.
6.
Overall housing will increase
growth and comfort through sustainable eco-development.
|
Table Coefficients Variable of Life
Safety Sustainability |
||||||
|
Model |
Unstandardized Coefficients |
Standardized Coefficients |
t |
Sig. |
||
|
B |
Std. Error |
Beta |
||||
|
1 |
(Constant) |
-.739 |
.089 |
|
-8.284 |
.000 |
|
Health |
.057 |
.015 |
.116 |
3.853 |
.000 |
|
|
Savety |
.085 |
.020 |
.175 |
4.331 |
.000 |
|
|
Family |
.070 |
.019 |
.141 |
3.696 |
.000 |
|
|
Leiaure |
.053 |
.020 |
.098 |
2.633 |
.009 |
|
|
Spiritual |
.101 |
.021 |
.218 |
4.867 |
.000 |
|
|
Cultural |
.021 |
.017 |
.041 |
1.246 |
.214 |
|
|
Social |
.043 |
.016 |
.099 |
2.645 |
.009 |
|
|
Housing |
.079 |
.019 |
.153 |
4.218 |
.000 |
|
|
Standard |
.025 |
.016 |
.052 |
1.520 |
.130 |
|
|
Excellent |
.035 |
.015 |
.076 |
2.329 |
.021 |
|
|
Overall |
.103 |
.017 |
.230 |
6.225 |
.000 |
|
|
a.
Dependent Variable: cluster |
||||||
Conclusion
1.
There are significant differences
between respondents' profiles on village clusters without (before) ecotourism
and with (after) ecotourism in terms of education, employment, and monthly
income of respondents. However, there were no differences in terms of gender,
marital status, age, length of stay.
2.
There are significant differences
between respondents' perceptions of village clusters without (before)
ecotourism and with (after) ecotourism in terms of sustainability of economic
factors, namely increased employment, number of shops, tax acceptance, business
development, investment.
3.
There are significant differences
between respondents' perceptions of village clusters without (before)
ecotourism and with (after) ecotourism in terms of socio-cultural factor
sustainability, namely in the perception of increasing participation,
development, nature conservation, and increasing regional identity.
4.
There are significant differences
between respondents' perceptions of village clusters without (before)
ecotourism and with (after) ecotourism in terms of sustainability of
environmental factors, namely increasing animal and animal life, improving
quality of life, work productivity, and social awareness.
5.
There are significant differences
between respondents' perceptions of village clusters without (before)
ecotourism and with (after) ecotourism in terms of sustainability of life
satisfaction factors, which include health growth, better security, family
life, leisure, spiritual, housing, and overall comfort
Asean. 2012. Asean Tourism Marketing Strategy
(ATMS) 2012-2015. Asean Secretariat, Jakarta.
78p.Google Scholar
Goodwin, H. 2002. Local community
involvement in tourism around national parks: opportunities and constraints.
Current Issues in Tourism, 5(3&4): 338-360. Google Scholar
Indecon (Indonesian Ecotourism Network).
2004. Ecotour-ism Product Development as a Means to Supplant Illegal Logging in
the Tangkahan Area of Leuser
National Park. CEPF Final Project Completion Report. Google Scholar
Iwan Nugroho, Fiqih
Hari Pramukanto, Purnawan
D. Negara, Wiwin Purnomowati,
Wahju Wulandari, 2016,
Promoting the Rural Development through the Ecotourism Activities in Indonesia,
in American Journal of Tourism Management, p-ISSN: 2326-0637��� e-ISSN: 2326-0645, 5(1): 9-18. Google
Scholar
Saraithong, Wuthiya, & Chancharoenchai, Kanokwan.
(2011). Tourists Behaviour In Thai Homestay Business. International Journal
Of Management Cases, 13(3), 112�126. Google Scholar
|
Copyright holder: Jizenji Tyas Wirastomo� (2022) |
|
First publication right: Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah
Indonesia |
|
This article is licensed
under: |