Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia p�ISSN:
2541-0849
e-ISSN:
2548-1398
Vol.
7, Special Issue No. 2, Februari 2022
THE EXISTENCE OF MOSQUES IN COMMUNITY ECONOMIC
EMPOWERMENT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Arif Widodo Nugroho, Aisyah Pia Asrunputri, Herwin Kurniawan, Toto Tohari
Universitiy of Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Indonesia
Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic that hit around the world also greatly impacted the
economy of the community, especially in Indonesia. The role of the Mosque which
is only limited to places of worship was, back as the time of the Prophet,
where not only a place of worship but also as a place of economic empowerment
of the ummah. This research was conducted to see the extent of the role of
mosques under the auspices of Muhammadiyah in empowering the economy of the
ummah. This research is a qualitative study, using primary data collected then
developed for the in-depth interview process to the board of Muhammadiyah
Regional Leader (PDM) East Jakarta and the administrator of Muhammadiyah Assudairi Mosque. The findings obtained are the role of Assudairi Mosque itself not only as a place to worship, but
a place that provides faith and trust for its worshippers to provide assistance
and charity that will be distributed to other worshippers and citizens who need
help, especially in terms of the economy. The role of PDM itself is very active
in developing Muhammadiyah Business Charity (AUM) in providing assistance to
MSMEs, so that people during the Covid-19 pandemic are able to be independent
in finding a decent livelihood.
Keywords: existence of mosques;
empowerment of ummah; MSMEs
Introduction
Mosque is the
existence of Muslims and becomes a center for the activities of social life of
the community. The function of the mosque is not only as a center of worship,
but also as a center for strengthening the economy of the community (Santika, Fauzi, & Lisnawati, 2019).
The reality is that the function is very minimally felt by the community (Kamaruddin, 2013).
The function of the mosque with worldly dimensions plays less role in
maximizing the development of the ummah (Sutanto, 2019).
Thus, optimizing the mosque as a center in developing the economic strength of
the Muslim community is very important. The development of human resources
through the economic empowerment of its worshippers, is a great ideal about
revitalizing the function of the mosque as a forum for empowerment for the
welfare of Muslims. In accordance with its historical values and context in
Islam, mosques are the main pillars in the construction of worshippers and
Islamic figures (Ramadhan, Hasanah, & Hakim, 2019).
In fact, through optimal zakat empowerment, poverty can be significantly
suppressed. But the reduction of property through optimal zakat empowerment
cannot be done only by providing compensation to meet consumptive needs, but
must be more about empowerment to the poor (Furqani, Mulyany, & Yunus, 2019).
Based on
research conducted by (Razak, Hussin, Muhammad, & Nurhanie, 2014)
it was found that mosque institutions have relatively good financial funds.
However, there are some issues related to the management and administration of
mosques for the empowerment of mosque funds. Effective and efficient community
empowerment needs to be socialized and effective strategies are needed in
community empowerment. This funding assistance is important because it is the
main capital for sustainable community empowerment efforts. However, more
important is how sustainability and development of the empowerment process. The
provision of capital and sustainable development will be indispensable. If the
training goes smoothly and as needed, the community will not think about
material assistance anymore. Because successful empowerment is when the
community can be independent and prosperous (Mu�is, 2020).
In addition, economic empowerment will work well if there is optimal
cooperation from all parties involved. Factors that can support maximum
empowerment include the availability of funds, active involvement, progressive
driving, and all the elements needed in cooperative action (Alwi, 2016).
So, it is very important to explore the potential of economic development of
mosque-based people during the Covid-19 pandemic, so that later it can improve
the welfare of the community in particular and improve the Indonesian economy
in general.
There are
several potentials that can be explored to improve the economy of mosque-based
ummah that need to be studied and studied more deeply. During the Covid-19
Pandemic, the unemployment rate increased and many people at large impacted
their lives, especially in terms of the economy. Therefore, this study was
conducted with a view to exploring the economic development potential of
mosque-based people during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Research
conducted by Hayati and Caniago (2012)
conducted in Lampung Province, shows that the government must act as a zakat
regulator and cooperate with LAZ in the distribution of zakat, so that poverty
alleviation programs and poverty empowerment programs synergize with each
other. The empowerment program of the poor through LAZ's productive zakat can
be done through Community Based Development (CBD), with a stronger emphasis on
the real intentions and needs that exist from a community group, so this
approach is characterized by a bottom-up approach. In addition, with the
establishment of Baitul Mal wat Tanwil (BMT) and
Sharia cooperatives the role and function of mosques related to the economic
empowerment of the ummah becomes optimal. Mosque administrators also need to
build partnerships with community economic development institutions and improve
their human resources with training and development of management skills,
business accounting and entrepreneurship (Kamaruddin, 2013).
BMT which distributes profits for the benefit of the ummah based on a
mosque-based economy is able to reduce the flexibility of the ribawi gap that has a positive impact on the community (Santika et al., 2019).
In addition to BMT, rumah zakat, etc., developing and
fostering MSME actors is also very useful for the economic progress of Muslims (Sutanto, 2019). (Ramadhan et al., 2019)
also found that mosque-based economic empowerment containers such as BMA Al-Ikhlas have helped some traders of Al-Ikhlas
Mosque congregations, by providing cash capital loans without the hassle of
borrowing.
Research Methods
This research is
qualitative research. Data was collected through in-depht
interview (in-depth interview) to the manager of Assudairi
Mosque located on Jl. Persahabatan Raya, East Jakarta
and is one of the mosques under the auspices of PP Muhammadiyah. In addition,
the board of muhammadiyah regional leadership (PDM)
of East Jakarta will also be interviewed as a reinforcement to the contribution
made by PDM itself.
There are
several questions made against the manager of Assudairi
Mosque and pdm manager. The question we collected
through several sources from the Minister of Religious Affairs, The Chairman of
MUI, the Board of Trustees of The Indonesian Mosque, etc.
Results and Discussion
This research involved two sources,
namely the Regional Leader of Muhammadiyah Jakarta and Treasurer 2 of Masjid
As-Suddari Rawamangun. The
interview as the primary method of research was conducted by researchers at
Masjid As-Suddairi Rawamangun,
East Jakarta. In the first interview with muhammadiyah
jakarta regional leaders, several aspects were
developed as the interview progressed, namely:
1. The role of the mosque
administrator in paying attention to professional management in maintaining the
existence of the mosque in accordance with the times;
2. The management of the
mosque is developed so that the administrator can see and capture the
opportunity to embrace all Muslims in converting the mosque;
3. The mosque provides
facilities supporting the competence of Muslims for the economic sector;
4. Mosque administrators can
gain new knowledge and insights in managing mosques professionally and
modernly;
5. Mosques can still help
distribute shadaqah or infaq
assistance to people affected by the pandemic virus and also collect zakat
malls to be distributed to weak communities;
6. The mosque has an ultra-islamic financial institution that provides access to
capital for small traders who cannot access capital in Islamic banks because it
is considered not bankable;
7. The mosque has a function
as a place to formulate various social needs especially in the field of
economics muamalah;
8. The mosque has tabarru' funds that can be allocated for the construction
of mosques in need and can also be intended for productive assistance for
mosque worshippers;
9. Many communities are
directed to make business innovations that generate profits from tabarru funds';
10. There is a mosque-based
community economic empowerment team that can act as the economic resilience of
the ummah to convert the mosque especially during the pandemic;
11. The mosque has been in
synergy with various parties such as KADIN;
12. Mosque management has an
approach to digital technology and has a digital ecosystem in supporting the
prosperity of mosques and the empowerment of SMEs.
In an interview
with Mr. Subaki as the regional leader of
Muhammadiyah East Jakarta for the period 2015-2020 which was extended until
2022, it can be concluded that there is a plenary agenda every week related to
the management of mosques. The plenary meeting discussed for example about
organizations under the PDM such as the management of the principal. It just so
happens that PDM itself is a distributor of m-qua milih
muhammadiyah center. PDM East Jakarta itself is a
shareholder and distributor and markets to each of the 11 branches.
The established school
business charity itself includes rawamangun, matraman, kramat jati, duren sawit
1, and duren sawit 2.
Others are not yet able to stand on their own. PDM built elementary school, the
majority of which are dhuafa people where all are
financed by the participation of the association of each branch.
According to Mr. Subaki, places of worship today are not only for worship
but also for discussion, socio-political and economic. Related to economic aspects,
bmt cooperative associations are grown, especially in
Assuddairi where there are SMEs that are dimina but not too advanced.
While the challenge in
embracing Muslims for the economic empowerment of the community is still felt
less by Mr. Subaki. This happened because he assessed
the lack of interest in buying people towards local products. He considered
that people tend to be loyal to external products so that if there are local
products, they are reluctant to buy them. For example, 212 mart
fell due to lack of firmness and encouragement from the community. He hopes
that with the m-qua product, all branches and members can consume. Although he
considered that to convince people to buy new local products is not easy.
Mr. Subaki
also explained how the PP as an economic assembly initiated MSMEs including the
distribution of small carts. PP provides the capital of the cart so that later
small entrepreneurs can be economically productive and productive.
The second interview was
conducted with Mr. Basuri Abbas as treasurer of 2
Masjid As-Suddairi Rawamangun
who has served for 2 periods or approximately 8 years. Where he is in charge of
reanalysing daily financial activities. According to
his information, the number of mosque administrators amounted to 8 people and
each manager had his daily duties as he should.
Mr. Basuri
assessed that the mosque slowly began to pay attention to the use of IT. This
is evidenced by the recording of activities in the mosque which was then
uploaded to instagram specifically masjid as-suddairi. The stewardship of pilgrims is considered good
because it can pay attention to pilgrims in a multi-and-not towards homogeneity
in a generation only.
He also considered that the
mosque tried to attract the ummah to love the mosque. This practice is done by
providing rice and envelope compensation. This attention is done once or twice.
The identity of the pilgrim is written so that the manager can recognize his
congregation well; Which worshippers pray five times in the mosque and which
worshippers pray at dawn only in the mosque.
The mosque also provides
support for economic facilities such as huts for MSMEs and small stalls on the
PCM. There is also Baitul Mal like a cooperative for people who lend micro.
Administrators are also
encouraged to keep up with the times with the holding of training for friday khatib administrators from Almanat.
Two meetings were held for the training to prepare if the main khatib could not
attend so that there was a replacement for the khatib.
There is also a discourse for
financial workshops in an effort to improve human resource management. However,
it still takes time to prepare so that the event can take place optimally and
smoothly.
The mosque itself provides sembako assistance for one person, where one envelope for
one worshipper. During Ramadan, the mosque provides an appetizer that is not
only in the form of snacks which is up to 250-300 boxes per day. There is even
1 pilgrim because of the great trust to give 50 packs every day.
Mr. Basuri
also added that this proves that this mosque has its own advantages where
comfort becomes an attraction for congregational prayers here. Another thing
that he said was that there were also worshippers who prayed in the mosque even
though his residence was far from the mosque environment.
Nevertheless, mosques always
provide assistance for weak economic families. For example, providing education
funds for pilgrims who are experiencing financial difficulties. Of course, the
problems of the ummah are unlimited but the mosque always tries to provide a
helping hand to help its worshippers.
The mosque is considered by
Pak Basuri does not have tabarru
funds and does not have a special donor. However, if the mosque informs
worshippers, worshippers are always enthusiastic to voluntarily provide funds
for the mosque which can later be managed for the ummah. Unfortunately,
according to Mr. Basuri, the mosque has not
cooperated with other social institutions. But the mosque has a relationship
with the Indonesian Council of Mosques.
While in terms of digital
technology and ecosystem, the mosque is considered quite qualified both youtube channel, Instagram, and QR code for charity which
can later become a center of da'wah and information and a platform for charity
and zakat.
From his own tupoksi Pak Basuri considered
himself not enough to play a role for the economy of the people but all
assistance was deployed by him to help pilgrims, especially those who need help
in terms of economic and social. Near the mosque is also provided a place to sell
fruits where the merchants are mosque worshippers.
Conclusion
Based on the results of in-depth
interviews we conducted with the Chairman of PDM East Jakarta, bmt cooperative associations were developed especially in Assudairi where there are SMEs that are built but not too
advanced. PP Muhammadiyah distributes small carts and provides capital to small
entrepreneurs, so that they can be economically productive and productive in
their lives. The difficult thing to empower the ummah economy is the lack of
community in buying or using local communities, so that MSMEs from small
communities and ummah themselves cannot develop and even survive.
Furthermore, in interviews obtained
from the Assudairi Mosque Manager, the mosque always
provides compensation in the form of rice, sembako,
and envelopes for local residents or worshippers in need. The mosque also
provides supporting economic facilities such as huts for MSMEs and small
kiosks, but under the auspices of the Muhammadiyah Branch Leader (PCM) who
happens to have his office in one building with Assudairi
Mosque. To improve management, mosque administrators will also be equipped with
a kind of workshop for the improvement of human resources.
Along with the times, especially
related to technology, the assudairi mosque manager
has also implemented QR code in collecting donations and zakat. This shows that
the mosque manager develops technology-based innovations that make it easier
for worshippers and the community to do charity or pay zakat. In addition, the
mosque administrator also has a special social media and will create a youtube channel, to improve al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan information for the wider community and
the existence of the Assudairi Mosque itself.
The comfort felt by visiting
worshippers also has a positive impact on the Assudairi
Mosque itself, where residents who live far from the location of the Mosque,
always visit and perform congregational prayers at the Assudairi
Mosque. Pilgrims who feel comfortable also have ghirah
in terms of contributing to the affairs of the ummah, especially the economic
empowerment of the community, by diligently in providing charity and
assistance, both in cash and other forms.
The conclusions obtained related to
the existence of the mosque, through the Assudairi
Mosque that during the COVID-19 pandemic hit, did not decrease the intention of
the ummah to perform worship both in carrying out the five-time prayer order in
congregation or in terms of charity. His charitable form also varies, both in
cash and in the form of food and food. The COVID-19 pandemic, raising awareness
of people to share among others and indirectly for people who need help, is a
positive thing to provide strength to survive, especially in struggling to meet
the needs of families during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Alwi, Muhammad Muhib. (2016). Optimalisasi
Fungsi masjid dalam pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat. Al-Tatwir, 2(1).
Google Scholar
Furqani, Hafas, Mulyany, Ratna, &
Yunus, Fahmi. (2019). Zakat for economic empowerment (analyzing the models,
strategy and implications of zakat productive program in Baitul Mal Aceh and
Baznas Indonesia). Iqtishadia: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam STAIN
Kudus, 11(2), 391�411. Google Scholar
Kamaruddin, Kamaruddin. (2013). Analisis
potensi pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat berbasis masjid Di kota banda Aceh. Jurnal
Ilmiah Islam Futura, 13(1), 58�70. Google Scholar
Mu�is, Ahmad Mu�is. (2020). The
Masjid-Based Community Economic Empowerment. Journal of Islamic Economics
Perspectives, 1(2), 50�60. Google Scholar
Ramadhan, Abdurrahman, Hasanah, Idaul,
& Hakim, Rahmad. (2019). Potret masjid sebagai basis pemberdayaan ekonomi
umat. Iqtishodia: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 4(1), 31�49. Google Scholar
Razak, Azila Abdul, Hussin, Mohd Yahya
Mohd, Muhammad, Fidlizan, & Nurhanie, Mahjom. (2014). Economic Significance
of Mosque Institution in Perak State, Malaysia (Special Feature: Socio-Economic
Role of Islamic Finance and its Potential in the Post-Capitalist Era). イスラーム世界研究, 7, 98�109. Google Scholar
Santika, Ganjar, Fauzi, Iip Miftah, &
Lisnawati, Wida. (2019). Optimalisasi Potensi Masjid Sebagai Basis Penguatan
Ekonomi Mikro Syariah di BMT Mesjid Almuhsinin Ciamis. Jurnal Ekonomi
Syariah, 4(2). Google Scholar
Sutanto, Romi Wilham. (2019). Mosque-Based
Community Development. Spektra: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 1(1),
75�87. Google Scholar
|
Copyright holder: Arif Widodo Nugroho, Aisyah Pia Asrunputri, Herwin Kurniawan, Toto Tohari (2022) |
|
First publication right: Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah
Indonesia |
|
This article is licensed
under: |