Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah
Indonesia p�ISSN: 2541-0849 e-ISSN: 2548-1398
Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022
MAINTAINING
ARGUMENT IN TALK SHOW INTERACTION: A PRAGMA-STYLISTIC INCLINATION OF MICHELLE
OBAMA IN OPRAH INTERVIEW
Nurul Ulfa
Nistiti, Slamet Setiawan,
Ahmad Munir
Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
Email: [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
This research was taken
from online media in the form of a Michelle Obama interview with Oprah Winfrey.
First is Oprah's 2020 vision tour talk show. The talk show led by Oprah Winfrey
tends to be more serious when discussing something that also affects the style
of the conversations. Second, Oprah Winfrey Hold a Conversation on the United
States of Women Summit by the white house. . The
method used is descriptive qualitative by analyzing several utterances in
Michelle utterances. This research accompaniment three research questions by
analyzing the Pragmatic feature in Michelle Obama and the stylistic feature in
Michelle Obama. Then the common patterns of Michelle Obama's arguments in her
interviews. The results showed that Michelle maintains her argument through a
pragmatic feature with adjacency pairs consisting of Q and A, Acceptance,
Recognition, Agreement, and Approval. From a stylistic perspective, Oprah uses
Hyperbole, Simile, Personification, Anaphora, and Parallelism. After the
research compared both Michelle's interviews on Oprah's show, Michelle often
uses the Agreement pattern and some of the figures of speech. During the
research, researchers found the main idea of maintaining her argument. From
maintaining that argument, the researcher also found three important points
from Michelle's two interviews with her audience: Maintaining dignity, the importance
of focusing on yourself, keep dreaming.
Keywords: talkshow interview; michelle obama; pragmastylistic; pragmatic; adjacency pairs; stylistic;
figurative language
Introduction
Talk shows are becoming an
increasingly popular and widespread form of entertainment broadcast through the
mass media. Roughly, there are two versions of the talk show. First, two or
more people meet, to debate a relevant topic. Second, a hosted interview is
about an event or series of events in that person's life, and the person
answering the questions.
�In principle, (Granot et al., 2003)
claimed that TV talk shows are a form of communication through conversation
discussions about current events, usually different things in life; political,
social, economic, education, etc. Talk show is a broadcast-oriented discourse
that talks to discuss a particular topic brought by the host (Park et al., 2006).
The topic chosen is considered to be known by the public. The issue also is
presented in the form of a trending topic developing in society.
In this case, the researcher chose
the Oprah Winfrey show. The talk show always raises current topics to talk
about. Oprah Winfrey as the host can conduct interactive and natural interviews
with several sources such as ordinary people, celebrities, politicians, and
even presidents.
In the study, researchers chose two
Oprah Winfrey interviews. First is Oprah's 2020 vision tour talk show. The talk
show led by Oprah Winfrey tends to be more serious when discussing something
that also affects the style of the conversations. Second, Oprah Winfrey Hold a
Conversation on the United States of Women Summit by the white house.
Researchers are interested in
choosing Michelle Obama as the data object for several reasons. The first
reason is dealing with the figure of Michelle Obama. She is a lawyer and writer
who was the first lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017. She is the wife
of the 44th U.S. president, Barack Obama. As a first lady, Michelle focused her
attention on social issues such as poverty, healthy living, and education. The
second reason is that she is a role model for many people. Michelle was one of
the first women who have a bachelor's degree, graduate from law school and
become successful. In her interviews on the Oprah program, she gets people's
attention. So, she is inspiring women. Therefore, it is pleasing to analyze
through conversation analysis and figurative language on the Oprah Winfrey
Show, especially Michelle Obama as a guest.
From the above considerations,
researchers focus on Michelle Obama's CA by answering questions, her language
style, the reasons and factors that influence the choice of use strategy by
Michelle Obama in her interview for analysis. The study aims to compare two
Michelle Obama, with Oprah interviews. Then, the researcher will find the
common patterns of Michelle Obama's arguments in her interviews.
Method
Ther study used the
descriptive qualitative method. The approach used in ther
study is qualitative. It is because the data obtained is in the form of speech
data or written words (Roth et al., 1991).
Meanwhile, ther method was chosen because it is the
focus of the study, particularly describing the results of Michelle Obama's and
Oprah Winfrey conversation.
In the study, researchers chose two
Oprah Winfrey interviews. First is Oprah's 2020 vision tour talk show. The talk
show led by Oprah Winfrey tends to be more serious when discussing something
that also affects the style of the conversations. Second, Oprah Winfrey Hold a
Conversation on the United States of Women Summit by the white house.Researchers took the following steps in conducting
data analysis; watching the talk show on YouTube channel,� replaying the talk show to understand the
whole story, written into the transcript, underline and analyzing the sentence
that contains the adjacency pairs dan figurative language through the pragma stylistc approach.The data for
RQ1 and RQ 2 obtained is in the form of words, phrases, or sentences that
required an explanation which is classified based on the aspects studied. The
RQ3 focus on the common patterns of Michelle Obama's arguments in her
interviews. These aspects are data that have several intended meanings that can
be recognized clearly. Ther study asserts the results
of the three research questions, which are:
1. How are the Pragmatics
features used by Michelle Obama in her Interview for maintaining their
Argument?
2. How does the stylistic
features that can be used by Michelle Obama in her Interview for maintaining
their Argument?
3. How are the common
patterns of Michelle Obama�s arguments in her interviews?�
Result and
Discussion
A.
Result
1. Pragmatic
and Stylistic Features Used by Michelle Obama
Conversation
analysis feature that appears in as mentioned in the first and the second
research questions, the pragmatics and stylistic components used by Michelle
Obama in her Interview for maintaining their Argument.
1
Oprah's 2020 vision tour talk
show: Michelle Obama Interview (2020)
OPRAH: So I know 20�was 2019 your year or what? MICHELLE: It was
crazy. It was unexpected. Yes. It was a good year. OPRAH: It was.
Especially because Michelle Obama's book, Becoming�I
know everybody in here has it. (Applause.) It was�it wasn't just the
best-selling memoir book of the year, it's the best-selling memoir of all
time. (Applause.) And what that says to me, I think it's like now 11.7
million, probably 12 million since we've been sitting here, what it says to
me is it's such an extraordinary time to be a strong, confident, assured
and, above all else, well woman in the world today. MICHELLE: Absolutely.
I mean, so many people saw themselves in my story. It's also a time for
owning our stories. And I think that's part of what resonated with people.
I mean, a lot of people came up and said,
Conversation between Michelle Obama
and Oprah Winfrey, Michelle Obama initially talks about her book background.
Oprah explained that Michelle Obama's Becoming book is one of the books that
has inspired and motivated many people. So it was
reaffirmed by Michelle with the word "Absolutely" which means an
agreement from Oprah's previous statement. The word "Absolutely" is
included in the Agreement opinion "because it is one way of claiming
common ground with the hearer by looking for possible ways to agree with
her.� In the case, �I love my story. I love all the ups and downs and the bumps
in-between" is uttered by Michelle to imply that she is making the
Personification. Michelle gives the impression that she shared her situation.
the word "bump" has a meaning that some of the journey of Michelle�s
life that feels. It also allows the listener to agree with her to satisfy the listener's
desire to be right or to reinforce her point of view.
Extract 2
OPRAH:
And it's not always easy. What I wanted to ask you about that, in ther climate where low has taken new lows, how do you
maintain a high and not appear to be passive and not lose your equilibrium?
Because low has gone lower. MICHELLE:
Yeah. Well, because going low is easy. Which is why people go to it. It's easy
to go low. It's easy to lead by fear. It's easy to be divisive. It's easy
to make people feel afraid. That's the easy thing. And it's also the
short-term thing. And for me, you know, what I learned from my husband,
what I learned in eight years at the White House, is that ther life, ther world, our
responsibility in it, is so much bigger than us. OPRAH:
Right. MICHELLE:
So what I have to keep in mind, usually
when I want to go low, it's all about my own ego. You know? It's not about
solving anything. It's not about fixing anything. It's about seeking
revenge on the thing that happened to you. OPRAH:
Yeah.
In ther example of strategy of
expressed agreement, the statement �so
what I have to keep in mind� Michelle as the speaker employ a �continuous
answer� as a seek agreement strategy. Ther utterance
indicating that the speaker, which is Michelle, emphasize her statement in the
form of question seeking agreement on what Oprah ask to her. The next statement
usually when I want to go low, it's all
about my own ego. You know? It's not about solving anything� is classified
into parallelism. The sentence shows a similarity. The similarity in Michelle's
words means if someone can adjust their ego then they can control themselves
well when something happens. Thus, ego control is directly proportional to
self-control
MICHELLE: You know? That is a very hard thing to
do. And everybody should understand that as a responsibility. OPRAH: It was hard� MICHELLE: And in ther
brand culture, oh, it�it drives me crazy. OPRAH:�it was hard with just cable TV when you're
watching all the images in music. MICHELLE: Yeah. OPRAH: It's�I
don't know. It's exponentially difficult when you're comparing yourself
with everybody on social media.
In the conversation, Michelle
explained that she also still feels that it is not easy to carry out the
responsibility as a first lady and a mother for their children.� She hoped that her children would get to know
themselves. So, their children can measure themselves without external
influences and think about how they want to shape their lives. Michelle stated "it's.. I
don't know" as a form of recognition to make her sure by her saying
because it is difficult to do. Then Oprah Winfrey is agreeing by saying
"yeah" Thus, Michelle Obama reaffirms "It's exponentially difficult when you're comparing yourself with
everybody on social media" through a simile figure of speech because
Michelle Obama implicitly states the comparison. Comparison, in ther case, is arduous if you have to keep comparing
yourself to someone on social media.
OPRAH: How did you
all do that in the White House where you have access to everything and
everybody in the world? I think it's difficult for people, no matter where
you are in your trajectory, you want to do�have a better life than your
parents. You want your children to live comfortably. Everybody does. But
how do you not spoil children when they have access to everything? MICHELLE: It�it was
easy for us, you know, because we don't think they deserve it. You know?
(Laughter.) It wasn't a difficult thing to do. You know? OPRAH: No. MICHELLE: Not the
way me and Barack were raised. I
mean, first of all, you've got to have a mate that shares your values.
Let's start way back with who you pick. You've got to have a good picker.
Because if you all don't come to parenting with the same kind of values and
understanding that stuff isn't�isn't parenting, giving kids things is not�parenting is a verb. It is an active, engaging
thing.
In ther one conversation, Oprah
stated that Michelle and her family have access to everything in the White
House. Then, Michelle explained that even though everything seems easy but we
still don't deserve it. Oprah gave a "No" response. It is where the
role of Michelle's statement "I
Mean, first of all ..." indicates an acceptance, to emphasize her
explanation later. The phrase �parenting
is a verb. It is an active, engaging thing.� spoken by her implies that she
makes an impression through parallelism as a strategy so that she and the
listener have the same perception
Extract 5
OPRAH: Put a lamp together. MICHELLE: Get it all together. And
so when you're busy with the busy stuff, you're
not thinking about the emotional stuff. So usually we then drop 'em off, get 'em in the dorm,
and then we take 'em out to lunch somewhere, and
that's, like, our last lunch. And when the emotions come is when we are getting
in our cars and getting on a plane and leaving our babies and they're going
somewhere where they will now live. That's when it hits you. It's, like, we
all start choking up. It was just like, ther is
the time when I know you're leaving.
The phrase "Put a lamp together" is uttered by Oprah to imply that
she is making the impression that without Michelle Obama answering yes. Oprah
gives the impression that she knows Michelle Obama's situation. So, Michelle
stated "Get it all together"
as her agreement. It might be concluded that the two parties seem to know and
have the same perception of each other. Then followed by Michelle's� "And so when you're busy with the busy
stuff, you're not thinking about the emotional stuff." it shows an
anaphora. In ther case, Anaphora repeats the word
"busy" as the topic being emphasized by both. Therefore, the common
ground is usually declared when the speaker considers herself and the listener
to have the same perception.
OPRAH: That's a place where you get up
at 5:00 in the morning� MICHELLE: Exactly. And one of the lessons of walking for that long,
because it's rare that you have to walk�and these are hikes. Ther is up mountains and down streams and valleys and
all you have is a Camelbak with some water and a
hiker is telling you, water, water, water. And you're just, like, just shut
up. Shut up with ther water. When is it over, ther hike? But you're hiking with other people. And
what you realize is everybody has their own way of hiking. Some people can
get up the mountain fast. Some people are fast on the flats. Some people
are slow and methodical about how they walk. And I always found that when I
was not enjoying my walk is when I was comparing my walk to somebody else
in the group. And I had to sort of start telling myself over these four
hours, stop comparing yourself to
the person walking ahead of you or behind you. Walk your walk.
Michelle uses the word to convince
Oprah that she agrees with him. The word "Exactly"
is included in the agreement because it emphasizes that the speaker shows that
he and the listener have the same perceptions. In the example above, Michelle
Obama "stop comparing yourself to
the person walking ahead of you or behind you. Walk your walk" through
hyperbole figure of speech. Michelle slightly positively exaggerated ther sentence. It has reason to struggle as to why a person
can get to their highest stage. Also, how fast he has to climb the incline to
achieve some success. Therefore, he also tries to motivate her listeners.
Extract 7
OPRAH: Imagine how
that would� MICHELLE: Imagine
how that would feel. I wish I was older�I wish I had been old enough to sit
down with him and ask him what�you know, what he went through. How did
he�how did he survive living through a world that had such limited
expectations for him when he knew that, you know, there was so much more
for him. OPRAH: Yeah. MICHELLE: I would want to unpack that so that I could get to know him
better. And the reason why I put ther kind of
stuff in�in the journal is because ther is what
our stories are. And I want particularly young people to know that there is
a time now to have some of those conversations with the elders in your
life. Because the more you
understand their stories, their journeys, their pains, and their hurts, you
get to understand who they are in a full sense. And then you judge less.
And you're more empathetic. I wish I understood my elders a bit more.
But we grew up in an era where you don't ask nobody questions. You know?
Don't ask Dandy that
Michelle's statement "I want to unpack that.."
confirms the agreement. Michelle Obama uses ther
sub-strategy to express her opinion without worrying that her opinion will
differ from Oprah Winfrey's. Michelle Obama tries to cover her doubts with
encouraging words that sound optimistic �because
the more you understand their stories, their journeys, their pains, and their
hurts, you get to understand who they are in a full sense. And then you judge
less. And you're more empathetic� and Michelle tries to convince Oprah that
she's right. In ther case, Michelle explained through
the parallelism in more detail the importance of understanding each other
better, especially as a public figure. Moreover, it is not easy to judge and
has a high sense of empathy.
8
First
Lady Michelle Obama and Oprah Winfrey Hold a Conversation on the United States
of Women Summit by the white house (2017)
OPRAH:� Because nobody grows up thinking �I�m
going to be a First Lady.� MICHELLE:� Absolutely
not.� And as you all know, when
Barack was talking about running, I was like, are you crazy?� I mean, would you just, like, chill out
and do something else with your life?�
(Laughter.)� So I was working hard to try to get him to do the other
thing, so -- whatever that was.� So,
yeah, absolutely, it wasn�t something that I could have planned for, could
have expected from myself.� But one
of the things I knew -- because people asked all throughout the campaign
what are your issues going to be, what are you going to be like as First
Lady, and I said, I have to wait until I get there to figure out what
that�s going to feel like for me.� I specifically
did not read other First Ladies� books, because I didn�t want to be influenced by how they defined the
role.� I knew that I would have to
find ther role -- (applause) -- very uniquely and
specifically to me and who I was.
In ther
case, Michelle expressed "Absolutely
not" as her agreement with the statement made by Oprah, that no one
expected if she would become the first lady. Then Michelle continued with �because I didn�t want to be influenced by
how they defined the role.� I knew that I
would have to find ther role -- (applause) -- very
uniquely and specifically to me and who I was.� through anaphora. In ther figure of speech, he repeats the word "role"
which refers to her status as the first lady. Michelle wants to be a first lady
who does not want to be influenced by anyone. She wants to find her role
uniquely and specifically.
OPRAH:�
We never heard, did you get that job? MICHELLE:� I did.�
I did.� OPRAH:�
Okay. MICHELLE:� I was the vice president of community
outreach for the University of Chicago Hospital.� (Applause.)� And I got that job because I didn�t
compromise.� Because before getting
-- working at that job, I was working as an associate dean.� I had had Malia, Barack was in the U.S.
Senate, so I was basically mothering part time on my own, having -- I had a
full-time job... OPRAH:�
Everything, yeah. MICHELLE:� -- I was just cramming it all into the
few hours that I was there and driving myself crazy.� So I had vowed
that if I continued to work, that I would never settle for part time.� I knew what my time and energy was
worth.�
The utterance "I was just cramming it all" built up Oprah's "Everything, yeah" statement.
So ther shows that there is an indirect agreement
with Oprah. In the conversation above, it explained that Michelle Obama also
had a full-time job before becoming the first lady. Thus, she carries out all
the roles, from being an associate dean to being a wife and mother. Then
Michelle described through the figure of speech the personification "...that I was there and driving
myself crazy". It illustrates if as if she is driving herself,
following her busy.
Extract 10
MICHELLE:� I just viewed it as I�m not going to be
taken advantage of.� (Applause.)� I am just not going to keep selling
myself -- OPRAH:�
You knew your value.� MICHELLE:� Value.�
That�s absolutely right. OPRAH:�
You knew your value.� I was
just saying that to a friend recently.�
MICHELLE:� And that goes back to knowing who you
are.� And I think as women and young
girls, we have to invest that time in getting to understand who we are and
liking who we are.� (Applause.)� Because I like me.� I�ve liked me for a very long time.� (Applause.)� So for a long
time I�ve had a very good relationship with myself.� OPRAH:�
I know.�
In a conversation between Michelle
Obama and Oprah Winfrey, Michelle Obama talked about how she will continue to
live her position professionally and will not allow her position to be taken
advantage of by some interests. So, Oprah stated that it was a value. Michelle
then agreed with "That's
right." as a form of acceptance. It relates to the value that Michelle
has "And I think as women and young
girls, we have to invest that time in getting to understand who we are and
liking who we are." In ther context, Michelle
uses parallelism, as a form of similarity. If women can invest the time to
understand themselves, then they will know what they want. Then Oprah showed
amusement with Michelle and told with the word "I know" to express her appreciation for Oprah Winfrey's
words. It indicated that she agreed with what Michelle said.
Extract 11
OPRAH:�
You mentioned a moment ago �the haters.�� How do you handle the haters,
particularly in ther office, where haters have to
be handled politically correctly and with discretion?� (Laughter.)� And I know so many people are faced with
it -- we know ther about social media -- people
say just the meanest things, and you�re faced in your life with people who
can tear you down a lot -- the haters, hateration. MICHELLE:� Well, when it comes to social media --
there are just times I turn off the world, you know.� There are just some times you have to
give yourself space to be quiet, which means you�ve got to set those phones
down.� You can�t be reading all that
stuff.� I mean, that�s like letting somebody
just walk up and slap you, you know?�
(Laughter.)� You would never
do that.� You would never just sit
there and go, slap me in the face and I�m good with it.� No.�
So why would you open yourself up to that? ...
In ther
conversation, Oprah asked about the figure of haters who are widely
Scattered on social media and
sometimes spread hate speech. Michelle spontaneously said "well" as a form of agreement to Oprah's question.
Michelle also brings up the parable of the personification "there are just times I turn off the world". �Turn off the
word� in ther case means that sometimes we have
to get to set those phones down because social media covers what is happening
all over the world. So, Michelle responds to social media wisely and hopes that
the audience can have the same view as her.
OPRAH:� But when you think about growing and
being empowered yourself, it is what you�ve been able to do for other
people that leaves you the fullest. MICHELLE:� Yes,
absolutely.� That is really the
thing.� So I
don�t know, I don�t sort of -- my
growth is incidental.� It�s the lucky
gift I get for giving.� And, like you
said, I�m still growing.� We are all
still growing.�
Michelle uses that word to convince
Oprah that she agrees with her. The word "
Yes, Absolutely" is included in agreement
because it emphasizes that the speaker shows that she and the hearer have the
same perception. Through the anaphora figure of speech with the repetition of
the word �still growing�, Michelle
explains implicitly that she and everyone else are still learning many things,
so the meaning of �growing� in ther case means a learning process. From ther conversation, Michelle Obama wants to gain respect and
appreciation from listeners by including them.
Extract
13
In her interview, Michelle stated
"So" as a form of approval. Michelle Obama
OPRAH: Yeah, I believe that. MICHELLE: �. So, no, I don�t want young women out there to have the
expectation that if they�re not having it all that somehow
they�re failing. Life is hard. But life is long if you maintain your health, which is one of the
reasons why we talk about health, talk about taking care of yourself.
Because you want to get to the next phases in life where you can do
more of what you want to do at any given time.
Intends to satisfy Oprah's positive
response �yeah, I believe that� by
incorporating it into the reasons. Michelle Obama tried to give motivating
statements about managing expectations, Then, Michelle reiterated with � but life is long if you maintain your health,
which is one of the reasons why we talk about health, talk about taking care of
yourself�, ther sentence identifies the figure of
speech of parallelism. Ther sentence shows the
equivalence of one sentence to another and is a continuation of managing
expectations because life is quite difficult. So it is
necessary to be able to maintain our health and ourselves too.
OPRAH: Yes. MICHELLE: But one of the things
that I�ve learned is that if you just flow into a pattern of life with people,
they give you space to come in. That�s happened at my kids�
school and the places where I go and work out. Once people get used
to the fact that you�re going to be there � OPRAH: �It�s the First Lady!�
In the word "But" Michelle expresses approval, even though ther word looks like a form of contradiction but it is
indicated an agreement. From the data above, it can be seen that Michelle
answered questions by saying " one
of the things that I've learned is that if you just flow into a pattern of life
with people, they give you space to come in " with a very precise
statement and without a doubt. Ther statement is
matched with hyperbole. In the data, Michelle provides adequate information and
evidence, although it seems a bit exaggerated. Therefore, she still spreads a
positive aura in her sentence.
2.
The Common Patterns of
Michelle Obama�s Arguments in Her Interviews?�
Based on the findings, the researcher found pragma stylistics
inclination use by Michelle Obama consists of some adjacency pairs
features� proposed by mismatched (Schegloff, 2007)
and some figurative language proposed by meaning� (Arnason et al., 2004)
Obama in her both interviews with Oprah Winfrey at Oprah's 2020 vision tour
talk show: Michelle Obama Interview (2020) and First Lady Michelle Obama and
Oprah Winfrey Hold a Conversation on the United States of Women Summit by the
white house (2017), totaling 14 data. as details can be seen below.
Table 1
Pragmastylistic Inclination used by Michelle Obama in her both Interviews.
From the table above, it can be seen that in the interview
both Michelle Obama and Oprah Winfrey tend to use agreement patterns more often
than other patterns which consists of ten data. Meanwhile other types of
figurative language which are personification, anaphora and parallelism consist
of two data. In the table there is also a question and answer
pattern contained in a data analysis, in ther case
the researcher also includes the research results as information only, because
in a talk show it is clear that all patterns are Question and Answer.
B.
Hasil
After analyzing data based
on the problem statements, the conclusion is drawn as follows; the research
found eight strategies from ten patterns stated by (Schegloff, 2007)
and meaning (Arnason et al., 2004).
In the journey of the study, the researcher finds two outlines of the results
which can be concluded that based on conversation analysis in Michelle Obama's
interview with Oprah Winfrey. The two talk shows chosen by the researcher have
almost the same topic, about the life story of Michelle Obama as a first lady,
her family, and the way she motivates some of her audience to be more
confident. The result brings the main idea of maintaining her argument. From
maintaining that argument, the researcher also found three important points
from Michelle's two interviews with her audience: Maintaining dignity, the
importance of focusing on yourself, keep dreaming. The results are displayed in
the chart below:
Chart 1
The point of Maintain Argument by
Michelle Obama.
1.
Maintaining Dignity
Maintaining Dignity can be
seen from some of Oprah's questions related to Michelle Obama's status. In her
two interviews, Michelle has maintained the same statement whether she was the
first lady or not. Ther is also evidenced by the many
pattern "agreements" that Michelle has thrown at Oprah. One of them
in her conversation in the 2020 interview �Michelle said Absolutely...... I
like my story. I like all the highs and the lows and the bumps in between.� And
in 2017 �Michelle said Absolutely not......because I didn't want to be
influenced by how they defined the role. I knew that I would have to find ther role -- (applause) -- very uniquely and specifically
to me and who I was.� These two statements have similarities, namely telling about how in 2017, Michelle Obama described herself
as the first lady and in 2020 Michelle Obama told how to tell her story when
she was the first lady. In addition to an agreement, Michelle also revealed her
answer through several figures of personification and parallelism, so that her
speech would not sound monotonous.
2.
The Importance of focusing
on yourself
In the second point,
Michelle also slipped some statements that motivate the audience. Michelle
gives a message so that the audience can focus on themselves, without feeling
inferior. It can be seen from (Boyle & Michell, 2020).
Michelle said that �It's�I don't know. It's exponentially difficult when you're
comparing yourself with everybody on social media.The words "Its I don't know and "Well"
also indicate the existence of recognition and agreement, then continued by
adding statements related to focusing on yourself. In ther
context, Michelle relates to the impact of social media which tends to have a
bad influence on many people so that they always compare themselves to others.
And finally, they do not focus on themselves. With ther
statement, Michelle also uses simile and hyperbole language styles, ther strategy is used so that the audience can better
understand what she is saying.
3.
Keep Dream
Keep dreaming is one of
the points that are also in the conversation between Michell and Oprah. In 2020
Michelle said that �Exactly.... stop comparing yourself to the person walking
ahead of you or behind you. Walk your walk� (Franklin, 2017)
Michelle said that �Well...there are just times I turn off the world, you know.
There are just some times you have to give yourself space to be quiet�. (Kho, Ahmed, Kashem, & Then, 2017)
Michell said that "But one of the things that I've learned is that if you
just flow into a pattern of life with people, they give you space to come
in."� Michelle used personification
and hyperbole, make the audience more excited after listening to her speech.
Conclusion
If we connect ther through
pragma-stylistic studies, two-way communication (talk shows) is very possible
for us to explore further. Pragma-stylistic can bridge researchers to reveal a
language style speech in interaction activities between speakers in different
ways. Pragmatic in pragma-stylistic studies, we can focus on conversation
analysis. Conversation analysis can also be viewed from adjacency pairs (such
as the exemplary article), flouting maxim, maxim violence, speech act, silence,
stance, etc.
Several conversation analysis
features that have been explained can be selected to analyze a single piece of
data. After that, we can also review it in terms of stylistics. In two-way communication
such as talk shows, language style also needs to be studied. Several
possibilities occur when the speaker and the interlocutor. Sometimes, they use
several figurative languages to attract attention, such as hyperbole,
personification, anaphora, etc.
However, it can be concluded and Michelle Obama in her
interview with Oprah Winfrey uses several patterns. From a pragmatic
perspective, Michelle uses adjacency pairs consisting of Q and A-
Acceptance-Recognition-Agreement-Approval. From a stylistic perspective, Oprah
uses Hyperbole-Simile-Personification-Anaphora-Parallelism. When compared to
Michelle's two interviews on Oprah's show, Michelle often uses the Agreement
pattern and some of the figures of speech that have been mentioned previously.).
In the journey of the study, the researcher finds two outlines of the results
which can be concluded that based on conversation analysis in Michelle Obama's
interview with Oprah Winfrey. The two talk shows chosen by the researcher have
almost the same topic, about the life story of Michelle Obama as a first lady,
her family, and the way she motivates some of her audience to be more
confident. The result brings the main idea of maintaining her argument. From
maintaining that argument, the researcher also found three important points
from Michelle's two interviews with her audience: Maintaining dignity, the
importance of focusing on yourself, keep dreaming. This strategy is widely used
by Michelle Obama to minimize the distance between them by expressing friendliness
and a strong interest in the hearer's need to be respected. Oprah Winfrey and
Michelle Obama, both give the impression to each other that they have the same
desire. So, it shows closeness and good relations to minimize the social
distance between the two of them.
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Copyright holder: Nurul Ulfa Nistiti, Slamet Setiawan, Ahmad Munir (2022) |
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First publication right: Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah
Indonesia |
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