Syntax Literate: Jurnal
Ilmiah Indonesia p�ISSN: 2541-0849 e-ISSN: 2548-1398
Vol. 7,
No. 8, Agustus
2022
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu
Ekonomi IPWI Jakarta, Indonesia
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
Transportation is
one of the people's needs in community activities in the digital era,
especially in Jakarta. One of the public transport available is Transjakarta, which is operated by PT Transportasi
Jakarta. This study aims to determine the performance that is affected by the
problem of bus operation officers who lack the initiative to involve themselves
in the task. There is still no close cooperation between various lines in
completing the work. In this study, the population was bus operations officer 1
PT Transportasi Jakarta, as many as 420 people. The
sample used in this study was 200 samples with a significance of 5% with a
simple random sampling method. Statistical multiple regression analysis was
used to measure the effect of work involvement, work loyalty and teamwork on
the performance of operator officers at PT Transportasi
Jakarta. The results of the partial study for work involvement have no effect
on performance, while work loyalty and teamwork have an effect on performance.
Meanwhile, simultaneously (simultaneously) work involvement, work loyalty and
teamwork will affect performance with a coefficient of determination of 68.1%,
while 31.9% of other variables are not included in this study. This research is
expected for officers to increase loyalty along with increase teamwork. For
further researchers to add other variables so that the results obtained are
more realistic. For PT Transportasi Jakarta to
immediately change the performance appraisal component which has been
emphasizing group values to personal-oriented values.
Keywords: Work involvement; Loyalty; Team
cooperation; performance; PT Tranportasi Jakarta.
Introduction
Transportation as
transportation has become part of the community's need for activities,
especially in Jakarta. The use of public transportation is the wisest choice at
this time. This is because public transportation is more efficient in terms of
cost and time, especially during peak hours. Public transportation is available
in the capital city of Jakarta. Among others, rail-based services, namely the
Jakarta Commuter Train (KCJ), MRT or Mass Rapid Transit in Indonesian Moda Raya Terpadu, Light Rapid
Transit (LRT), while road-based ones are Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). The BRT in
the capital city of Jakarta is called Transjakarta
and is operated by PT Transportasi Jakarta.
In providing services to
the community, PT Transportasi Jakarta, as a company
with large enough human resources, of course requires good and productive
employee work which can provide maximum service to Transjakarta
bus customers, not as expected. Things that have an influence include a dynamic
company environment. The impact of a sweet working environment with intense
competition will bring about a greater transformation. Companies will find it difficult
to compete with competitors without the support of competent human resources.
The company's goals can be achieved if the company has potential human
resources at the lowest level to the highest level. Human resources are the
main resources in a company, so stated because they are the main role in the
organization or company. The company must have employees who have strong work
involvement, loyalty and teamwork, because it is intended to help achieve the
company's goals optimally. A reliable company is an organization that always
tries to improve the competence of the human resources team.
Companies that serve the
community at large certainly require the work involvement of their employees.
This is a form of employee contribution using all of their competencies and it
also applies to the extent that employees are committed to their profession and
think that their career is the most important thing for their self-esteem and
will be even more powerful if teamwork is established.
A good company and the
choice of many employees to work, of course, makes employees have a high
attitude of work loyalty so that there is an attachment between workers and the
company. An engagement where employees have an individual understanding to
comply with all the rules, do quality work, uphold honesty, and take
responsibility so that the company's goals can be achieved.
High loyalty and owned by
workers in the company can arise a high sense of caring for a situation that
occurs in the company. On the other hand, low loyalty to the company can hamper
the company's performance, making it difficult for the company to achieve the
targeted target. The company's productivity will decrease as a result of low
employee loyalty, high levels of absenteeism, leaders who are not obeyed by the
employees they lead. If employees become disloyal to the company, employees
tend not to be eager to work optimally and without having responsibility for
the work carried out. Low obedience in the company can trigger attitudes that
are contrary to the company's goals and can even disrupt the company's vision
and goals as an organization. The company also requires teamwork as part of the
task of producing excellent synergy through solid coordination of all efforts.
This has the meaning if the abilities achieved by a team are better than the
abilities per individual in an institution or a company. Even so, activities
are team-based and need to be effective in order to provide good participation
for staff skills and activity outcomes within an institution. Based on the
results of previous studies, it was identified that there was a research gap
for the independent variable which affected the dependent variable. The main
purpose of this study was to examine the effect of work involvement, work
loyalty and teamwork on the performance of officers in a transportation service
company, namely bus operations officers at PT Transportasi
Jakarta, Indonesia.
Research methodology
The main
objective of this study was to examine the effect of work involvement, work
loyalty and teamwork on the performance of bus 1 operations officers at PT Transportasi Jakarta, Indonesia. The population used is bus
operation officer 1 PT Transportasi Jakarta, totaling
420 people. The descriptive method with a quantitative approach is the
description technique used by the researcher, which is related to data analysis
and explanations of the results of data collection, defined data with the
intention of general availability for conclusions. It tends to be reasonable
that this data-related study can be of value to other human sciences, because
the details have been arranged in an orderly manner, then the program to handle
information and the results of distributing questionnaires uses the SPSS
(Statistical Package for Social Sciences) processor edition 23.
Population Study
Simple random
sampling is a sampling method that is applied, where the formula for the number
of samples is adjusted according to Isaac and Michael's table, through the
level of error/significance used is 5% with a value of 191 and added reserves
so that the number of samples is determined to be 200 respondents.����
Main Data
Based on the
opinion (Misbahuddin & Hasan, 2013: 21) where
primary data is information which researchers who carry out research get or
arrange themselves at the location or need it and through the distribution of
this survey, they wish to obtain the required data from the operations officer
1 of PT Transportasi Jakarta. The primary data in
this research is the result of responses to filling out the previous
questionnaire that has been distributed to the respondents. In the current study,
the authors applied a closed questionnaire (provided statements).
This allows
the author to choose each statement which is sent to the respondent, requiring
only a cross (X) or symbol (√) for the statement option the respondent
wants.
In this closed
statement, the use of a Likert scale usually starts with a scale from 1 to 5
and uses a rating of 5 (5) rating points.
With a Likert
scale, the variable indicator is a description of the factors to be measured
and then used as the initial stage for determining the question instrument (Sugiyono, 2012: 93).
Responses from
each part of the instrument used a Likert scale with a value level where it was
very related to not related.
Responses can
be scored according to the table for quantitative analysis, namely from number
1 to strongly disagree to number 5 to strongly agree.
Results and
Discussion
The researcher
determined that the research was carried out by bus operation 1 officers at PT Transportasi Jakarta by distributing questionnaires through
a goggle form and the officers responded back. The number of questionnaires
received was 200, but after the normality test there were 3 outliers, so that
the data used by the researcher became 197 respondent data. This study requires
respondents where there are separate characteristics which are the background
or profile of each respondent, including gender, age of respondent,
respondent's length of service, and respondent's work status.
Respondent Demographics
From the responses to the
questionnaires that have been collected, there are various characteristics as
follows:
|
1. |
Gender |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
|
Man |
190 |
96% |
|
|
Woman |
7 |
4% |
|
|
Total |
197 |
100% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. |
Respondent Age |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
|
< 35
Years |
61 |
31% |
|
|
36-40
Years |
90 |
46% |
|
|
41-45
Years |
31 |
16% |
|
|
> 45
Years |
15 |
8% |
|
|
Total |
197 |
100% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. |
Respondent's length of service |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
|
Less 2
Years |
1 |
1% |
|
|
Over 2
Years |
196 |
99% |
|
|
Total |
197 |
100% |
Based on the
table above, for the age distribution of the largest sample, from the age of 36
years to 40 years, there are 90 people, or a percentage of 46%, while for the
next age, less than 35 years, there are 61 people or 31%, aged 41 years to 45
years, there are 31 people where the percentage is 16% and in the last order
for the age above 45 years as many as 15 people or in percentage that is 8%.
The results of the data can be said that the sample taken is very good because
it is of a productive age. Meanwhile, for the distribution of the length of
work of respondents at the PT Transportation Jakarta company, there were 196
people or 99% who worked more than 2 years and there was 1 person who had
worked less than 1 year or 1%. This is a good thing for the sample taken, where
there is representation for the sample of respondents who have just joined PT Transpotasi Jakarta. Regarding the distribution of the work
status of the respondents, it was found that for contract work status there
were 4 people or 2%, while for permanent work status there were 193 people or
98%. This is very supportive of the research because, for the existing sample,
the work status at PT Transport Jakarta is represented or the sample is said to
be quite complete.
Research Hypothesis
Testing
In testing the
hypothesis, the researcher conducted several tests, including the t test, f
test and looking for the coefficient of determination. In this case, the
researcher will test the formulation of the hypothesis, among others:
1. There is an influence of
work involvement on the performance of officers.
2. There is an influence of
work loyalty on the performance of officers.
3. There is an effect of
teamwork on the performance of officers.
As for this test, the
confidence level used is 95% or a = 0.05
These will be discussed as
follows:
1)
t test
This test aims
to find out whether there is a partial or independent effect of the independent
variable (Variable X) on the dependent variable (Variable Y). The basis for
making t-test decisions are:
a. If the number Sig <
0.05 or t count > t table, it is stated that there is an effect of variable
X on variable Y
b. If the number Sig >
0.05 or t count < t table, it is stated that there is no effect of variable
X on variable Y.
Regarding the above, we
must know the value of t table, namely:
t Table is equal to t (a /
2 ; n � k -1) known a = 0.05, and n (number of
samples) = 197, k (number of variables X) = 3 then t table is equal to t
(0.025;193).
For the value of t, we
refer to the t table as attached. The value of t table = 1.97233. The t counts
resulting from testing through SPSS are as follows:
|
Model |
Unstandardized
Coefficient |
Standardized
Coefficient |
t |
Sig |
|
|
B |
Std.Error |
Beta |
|
|
|
|
1 (Constant) Work
engagement Work
Loyalty Teamwork |
-1.065 .074 .319 .406 |
2.225 .045 .051 .059 |
.105 .451 .370 |
-.475 1,630 6.260 6,901 |
.633 .105 .000 .000 |
Based on the results of
the discussion, we produce the t-test values, including:
a. Variable X1 (Work
Involvement)
Number Sig (0.105) > 0.05 t Count (1.630) < 1.972 then
the X1 variable has no effect on the Y variable
b. Variable X2 (Work Loyalty)
Number Sig (0.000) < 0.05
t Count (6.620) > 1.972 for that variable X2 has an effect
on variable Y
c. Variable X3 (Teamwork)
Number Sig (0.000) < 0.05
t Count (6,961) > 1,972 for that variable X3 has an effect
on variable Y
2)
F test
This test is
intended to find out whether there is a simultaneous or joint effect of the
independent variable (Variable X) on the dependent variable (Variable Y). The
basis for making a decision on the f test are:
a. If the number Sig <
0.05 or f count > f table, it is stated that there is a simultaneous effect
of variable X on variable Y
b. If the number Sig >
0.05 or f count < f table, it is stated that there is no simultaneous effect
of variable X on variable Y.
Regarding the
above, we must know the f table numbers, namely: f Table = f (k; n � k) it is
known that the value of n (number of samples) = 197, k (number of variables X)
= 3, then f Table = f (3 ; 194). For the value of f we look at the table f as attached. The value of f table =
2.651, this result was obtained from the calculation using the formula =f.inv.rt(p,df1,df2) where p=0.05,
df1=3, df2=194 (n-3). The f Count resulting from testing through SPSS are as follows:
|
ANOVAa |
|||||
|
Model |
Sum
of squares |
df |
Mean
Square |
F |
Sig. |
|
1 Regression Residual Total |
2693,445 1259,296 3952,741 |
3 193 196 |
897,815 6.525 |
137,599 |
.000b |
a. Dependent variable:Performance
b. Predictor:
(Constant), Teamwork, Job involvement, Work loyalty
Based on the
results of the discussion, for that we produce f test values, including:
Number Sig
(0.00) < 0.05 f Count (137.599) > f Table (2.651) so that the X1
variable, X2 variable, and X3 variable have a simultaneous effect on the Y
variable.
Based on the
results above, the value of R Square = 0.681, for this it can be interpreted
that the influence of the X1 variable, X2 variable and X3 variable simultaneously
affect the Y variable worth 68.1 %.
Conclusion
Based on the
analysis that has been carried out by researchers, where the model fit test (f
test) for work involvement, work loyalty, teamwork simultaneously has a
significant effect on the performance of bus operating officers, the
conclusions of the study include: 1). The results of the t-test research show
that there is no effect of work involvement on the performance of bus operation
1 officers at PT Transportasi Jakarta. This is in
accordance with the phenomena or symptoms observed by related researchers.
There are still officers who lack the initiative to involve themselves in the
task. This is because work involvement is not seen in the essence of
performance appraisal. However, there is an interesting thing, that there are
indicators that need to be maintained, namely the focus of the officers on the
work. The results are quite good. 2). The results of the t-test research show
that work loyalty affects the performance of bus operation 1 officers at PT Transportasi Jakarta. This shows that the more work loyalty
increases, the performance of bus 1 operations officers at PT Transportasi Jakarta will increase. Loyalty indicator that
needs to be maintained is the responsibility of bus operations 1 officers. 3). The
results of the t-test showed that teamwork had an effect on the performance of
bus operation 1 officers at PT Transportasi Jakarta.
This shows that the more teamwork there is, the higher the performance of bus 1
operations officers at PT Transportasi Jakarta. An
indicator that needs to be maintained is always coordination in completing
tasks.
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