Digital Eye Strain: Faktor Risiko, Manifestasi Klinis, dan Tatalaksana: Suatu Systematic Literature Review
Abstract
Digital eye strain (DES) merupakan kumpulan gejala visual, okular, dan muskuloskeletal yang muncul atau memburuk akibat penggunaan perangkat digital berkepanjangan. Peningkatan penggunaan komputer, laptop, tablet, dan telepon pintar menjadikan DES sebagai masalah kesehatan penglihatan yang semakin penting. Namun, bukti mengenai faktor risiko, manifestasi klinis, dan tatalaksana DES masih tersebar dalam penelitian dengan desain yang beragam. Menelaah dan mensintesis bukti mengenai faktor risiko, manifestasi klinis, dan tatalaksana DES pada pengguna perangkat digital. Penelitian ini merupakan systematic literature review yang disusun sesuai pedoman PRISMA 2020. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada beberapa basis data elektronik untuk studi yang dipublikasikan tahun 2021–2026. Artikel yang diinklusi adalah studi observasional dan intervensional asli yang membahas sedikitnya satu dari tiga domain utama: faktor risiko, manifestasi klinis, atau tatalaksana DES. Seleksi studi dilakukan melalui skrining judul, abstrak, dan full-text berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Kualitas metodologis dinilai menggunakan JBI Critical Appraisal Tools. Sebanyak 16 studi primer dimasukkan. DES bersifat multifaktorial, dengan faktor risiko utama berupa durasi penggunaan layar yang panjang, penggunaan malam hari, jarak pandang dekat, kurang istirahat, postur buruk, serta faktor individu tertentu. Manifestasi klinis meliputi mata lelah, sakit kepala, gejala mata kering, pandangan kabur, fotofobia, mata merah, sensasi terbakar, dan keluhan muskuloskeletal. Intervensi menunjukkan potensi manfaat, tetapi belum ada terapi universal. DES merupakan sindrom multifaktorial dengan manifestasi luas, sehingga tatalaksana paling rasional saat ini adalah pendekatan multimodal dan individual.
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